Convolutional deep belief network - A convolutional deep belief network, or CDBN, is a hierarchical probabilistic model that combines deep belief network ideas with convolutional weight sharing.
Convolutional filter - A convolutional filter is a set of weights applied repeatedly across an input to produce responses to local patterns.
Convolutional layer - A convolutional layer is a neural-network component that applies learned filters across local regions of an input.
Convolutional neural network - A convolutional neural network, or CNN, is a neural network that uses convolutional layers to learn patterns through local connections and shared filters.
Convolutional operation - A convolutional operation applies shared filter weights across an input to produce an organized set of local responses.
Cook's D - Cook's D, also called Cook's distance, measures how strongly one observation influences a fitted regression model.
Cooperative coevolution - Cooperative coevolution is an evolutionary optimization approach in which different populations evolve parts of a solution and are evaluated through their...
Cooperative inverse reinforcement learning - Cooperative inverse reinforcement learning (CIRL) is a framework in which a human and an artificial agent share an objective, but the agent is uncertain...
Cooperative storage cloud - A cooperative storage cloud is a networked storage arrangement in which participants contribute storage resources and can use resources contributed by others.
Coordination ambiguity - Coordination ambiguity arises when an expression containing a conjunction, such as and or or, allows more than one structural grouping.
Copula - A copula is a linking element that connects a subject with a predicate expressing a property, classification, identity or related state.
Coreference chain - A coreference chain is a set of expressions in a discourse that refer to the same entity. It can connect a name, a description and a pronoun across sentences.
Coreference resolution - Coreference resolution is the task of determining which expressions in a discourse refer to the same entity.
Coreset - A coreset is a compact representation of a dataset designed to preserve specified properties relevant to a particular task.
Coring - Coring is a signal or image denoising approach that suppresses small-amplitude values in selected high-frequency or bandpass components while retaining...
Corner detection - Corner detection identifies image locations whose local appearance changes substantially when a small neighborhood is shifted in different directions.
Coronal sound - A coronal sound is a speech sound articulated using the tongue tip or blade as the principal active articulator for its constriction.
Corpus - A corpus is a collection of language material assembled for analysis, research or computational use.
Correct sampling - Correct sampling is a technical principle in Pierre Gy's theory of sampling for particulate materials: every constituent particle of the lot should have an...
Correlated sampling - Correlated sampling, in simulation-based comparison, deliberately links the randomness used to evaluate alternatives.
Correlated topic model - A correlated topic model, or CTM, is a probabilistic topic model that uses a logistic-normal distribution for a document's topic proportions.
Correlation - Correlation describes a statistical association between variables, often summarized by a coefficient indicating its direction and strength.
Correlation clustering - Correlation clustering groups items using pairwise judgments of similarity and difference, seeking a partition that agrees with those judgments as much as...
Correlation coefficient - A correlation coefficient is a numerical summary of the direction and strength of a specified association between variables.
Correlation does not imply causation - Correlation does not imply causation means that an observed statistical association, by itself, does not establish that changing one variable would change...
Correlation function - A correlation function describes how a statistical relationship varies across pairs of times, locations, or other index values.
Correlation matrix - A correlation matrix is a square table containing the pairwise correlation coefficients among a set of variables.
Correlational measures - Correlational measures are statistics that summarize the degree and, where defined, direction of association between variables.
Correspondence analysis - Correspondence analysis is an exploratory method for studying relationships in a table of nonnegative counts, especially a contingency table.
Correspondence problem - The correspondence problem is the challenge of determining which locations or features in different images refer to the same scene content.
Coscheduling - Coscheduling is the coordinated scheduling of related processes or threads so they can execute concurrently on different processors.
Cosine similarity - Cosine similarity measures the alignment of two nonzero numerical vectors by taking the cosine of the angle between them.
Cost efficiency - Cost efficiency describes how economically a process uses money to produce a defined useful result at the required quality and service level.
Cost Model - A cost model is a set of estimates and rules used to predict the resources or effort required by an operation.
Cost-sensitive machine learning - Cost-sensitive machine learning accounts for the fact that different prediction errors or actions can have different consequences.
Costmap - A costmap is a spatial representation that assigns navigation costs to locations.
Count data - Count data record how many events, objects, or observations occur within a defined unit, category, period, or amount of exposure.
Count nouns - Count nouns are nouns used to present their referents as distinct units that can be counted.
Count sketch - Count sketch is a compact probabilistic data structure for estimating item frequencies in a data stream.
Counterbalancing - Counterbalancing is the planned distribution of condition orders across participants or trials to reduce confounding between experimental conditions and...
Counterfactual explanation - A counterfactual explanation describes how an input could be changed so that a model would produce a different specified output.
Counterfactual fairness - Counterfactual fairness is a causal-model-based fairness criterion asking whether a prediction for an individual would remain the same in distribution under...
Countermeasure - A countermeasure is an action, mechanism or procedure intended to reduce a threat, vulnerability or harmful consequence.
Counternull - A counternull is a nonnull effect value that has the same evidential standing as a specified null value under a stated statistical procedure, commonly...
Counters - In the language context of this glossary, counters are counting expressions used with numerals to indicate the kind or unit of what is being counted.
Coupled hidden Markov model - A coupled hidden Markov model represents several interacting sequences of hidden states, with probabilistic dependencies connecting their evolution over time.