Z-score - A Z-score, or standard score, expresses how far a value lies above or below a reference mean in units of the reference standard deviation.
z-score normalization - Z-score normalization is a transformation that subtracts a reference mean from each numerical value and divides by a reference standard deviation.
Z-test - A Z-test is a statistical hypothesis test that compares a standardized statistic with the standard normal distribution.
Zelen's design - Zelen's design is a randomized study design in which allocation occurs before consent to the assigned study intervention is sought.
Zero anaphor - Definition: A zero anaphor is an unspoken or unwritten referring expression whose interpretation is supplied by linguistic context.
Zero degrees of freedom - Zero degrees of freedom means that no independent variation remains for the particular statistical quantity or comparison being considered after its...
Zero-gradient condition - The zero-gradient condition states that every first partial derivative of a differentiable objective is zero at a candidate point.
Zero-inflated Poisson regression - Zero-inflated Poisson regression is a model for nonnegative counts that combines a component producing only zeros with a Poisson count component.
Zero Redundancy Optimizer - Zero Redundancy Optimizer, usually written ZeRO, is a family of distributed-training memory optimizations that partitions model states across data-parallel...
Zero-shot - Zero-shot describes using a model on a target task or category without supplying task-specific demonstrations or labeled training examples under the stated...
Zero-shot learning - Zero-shot learning is a learning setting in which a model recognizes target classes without labeled training examples of those classes, using transferable...
Zero-shot prompting - Zero-shot prompting asks a model to perform a task without including a completed example of that task in the prompt.
Zero-shot TTS - Zero-shot TTS is text-to-speech synthesis that generates speech for a target speaker without separately fine-tuning the synthesis model on that speaker.
Zero-sum games - Zero-sum games are games in which the players' payoffs add to zero for every outcome.
Zero-width - Definition: In regular expressions, zero-width describes a match or assertion that consumes no characters.
Zeuthen strategy - The Zeuthen strategy is a concession strategy for certain formal two-agent negotiation settings.
Zionts - Wallenius method - The Zionts - Wallenius method is an interactive approach to multicriteria optimization that uses a decision maker's judgments about proposed trade-offs to...
Zipf - Mandelbrot law - The Zipf - Mandelbrot law is a rank - frequency model that extends Zipf's law by adding a shift to rank.
Zipf's law - Zipf's law is an approximate rank - frequency pattern in which an item's frequency decreases as its rank increases, often roughly in inverse proportion.
Zippering - Zippering is an image artifact in which alternating light, dark or colored pixels create a tooth-like pattern along an edge.
Zonal polynomial - A zonal polynomial is a member of a structured family of symmetric, homogeneous polynomials in the eigenvalues of a matrix, indexed by an integer partition.
Zone index - A zone index is a text-search index that records which document zone contains a term.