Brier score - The Brier score measures the quality of probability predictions by averaging squared differences between predicted probabilities and observed outcomes.
Brill tagger - Definition: A Brill tagger is a part-of-speech tagging system that begins with an initial set of word labels and applies an ordered sequence of learned...
Bring your own encryption - Bring your own encryption, or BYOE, describes arrangements in which an organization brings its own encryption capability and associated controls to protect...
Broad artificial intelligence - Broad artificial intelligence is a context-dependent term for AI that handles a wider range of tasks, information types or domains than a narrowly...
Broadcast (parallel pattern) - Broadcast is a parallel computing communication pattern in which one participant distributes the same data to every participant in a specified group.
Broadcasting - Broadcasting is the set of rules that lets software apply one operation across arrays of different shapes, such as subtracting a column average from every...
Brotli - Brotli is a general-purpose lossless compression format and algorithm family for representing data in fewer bytes when its patterns permit.
Brown clustering - Brown clustering is an unsupervised method that groups words into a hierarchy using patterns of neighboring words in a text collection.
Brown - Conrady model - The Brown - Conrady model is a camera-distortion model that describes departures from ideal perspective projection using radial and tangential terms.
Brown - Forsythe test - The Brown - Forsythe test commonly means a median-centered version of Levene's test for equality of population variances across groups.
Brownout (software engineering) - In software engineering, a brownout is a deliberate, controlled reduction of optional application functionality to reduce resource demand while preserving...
Brunner-Munzel test - The Brunner-Munzel test compares two independent populations through the probability that a randomly selected observation from one exceeds an observation...
Brushing - Brushing is an interactive data-exploration technique in which a user selects and highlights observations in a chart.
Brute-force search - Brute-force search solves a problem by systematically generating candidate answers and checking them directly, with little or no problem-specific guidance...
Bucketing - Bucketing groups values into ranges, or buckets, such as ages 18 to 24 and 25 to 34, so a model or report works with a few clear groups instead of thousands...
Buffered probability of exceedance - Buffered probability of exceedance, abbreviated bPOE, measures the size of an upper tail whose average outcome reaches a chosen threshold.
Bulk synchronous parallel - Bulk synchronous parallel, or BSP, is a model for organizing parallel computation into a sequence of coordinated supersteps.
Bundle adjustment - Bundle adjustment is an optimization procedure that jointly refines camera parameters and, in many reconstruction settings, three-dimensional point...
Burrows - Wheeler transform - The Burrows - Wheeler transform (BWT) is a reversible rearrangement of a block of symbols that can make the block easier to compress.
Burst buffer - A burst buffer is a fast intermediate storage layer that temporarily absorbs intensive input or output activity before data moves to or from longer-term...
Burst photography - Burst photography captures a sequence of images in rapid succession.
Burst super-resolution - Burst super-resolution reconstructs a higher-resolution image from multiple rapidly captured frames that contain complementary spatial samples.
Business analytics - Business analytics is the use of data, analytical methods and business context to understand performance and support decisions.
Business process management - Business process management, or BPM, is the systematic examination, design, operation and improvement of an organization's recurring work processes.
Business rule - A business rule is a precise statement that defines or constrains an aspect of how an organization operates.
Business rule management system - A business rule management system, or BRMS, is software for defining, organizing, testing, deploying and maintaining the rules used to make operational...
Business rules engine - A business rules engine is software that evaluates explicitly defined rules against business data and determines which conclusions or actions apply.
Butterfly network - A butterfly network is a structured interconnection network that routes information through a sequence of stages using a repeating pattern of straight and...
Byte-pair encoding - Byte-pair encoding, or BPE, is a method that repeatedly merges frequent adjacent symbol pairs into larger symbols.
Byzantine device - A Byzantine device is a participant in a distributed system that can deviate arbitrarily from the prescribed protocol.
C+-probability - C+-probability is the probability that a specified contrast variable is strictly positive.
C4.5 algorithm - C4.5 is a supervised learning algorithm developed by Ross Quinlan for building classification decision trees from labeled examples.
Cache coherence - Cache coherence is the coordination that keeps cached copies of shared memory locations consistent with the system's rules for reads and writes.
Cache language model - Definition: A cache language model adapts word or token predictions using a memory of previously encountered text.
Cache-only memory architecture - Cache-only memory architecture, or COMA, is a shared-memory multiprocessor organization in which each node's main-memory capacity acts as a large cache of...
Cache stampede - A cache stampede occurs when many requests encounter the same missing or expired cached value and independently try to fetch or recompute it.
Calculus of variations - The calculus of variations is a branch of mathematics for finding functions that make a functional stationary or optimal.
Calibrated probability assessment - Calibrated probability assessment is the practice of expressing uncertainty with probabilities or ranges whose stated confidence agrees with observed...
Calibration - Calibration describes how well predicted values agree with observed outcomes in a defined population and setting.
Calibration curves - A calibration curve checks whether a model's confidence means what it says: when the model predicts a 70 percent chance for a group of cases, about 70...
Calibration layer - A calibration layer is an adjustment applied after a model produces predictions, intended to make those predictions better agree with observed outcomes.
Calinski-Harabasz Index - The Calinski-Harabasz Index is an internal clustering score that compares separation between cluster centers with variation inside clusters, adjusted for...
Camera path - A camera path is the trajectory of a camera's position and orientation over time, or an image-based representation of that motion.
Candidate generation - Candidate generation is the fast first stage of a recommendation or search system, which picks a few hundred plausible items out of millions so a slower...
Candidate key - A candidate key is a minimal set of attributes that uniquely identifies a row in a relational data model.
Candidate sampling - Candidate sampling is a training approach that evaluates a limited selection of output classes instead of all possible classes for every example.