Stationary distribution - A stationary distribution is a probability distribution over a system's states that remains unchanged after the system's transition rule is applied.
Stationary kernel - A stationary kernel is a covariance function whose value depends on the displacement between two inputs, rather than their absolute locations.
Stationary process - A stationary process is a stochastic process whose statistical behavior is invariant under shifts in time, according to a specified definition of stationarity.
Stationary sequence - A stationary sequence is a sequence of random variables whose relevant statistical properties remain unchanged when the time index is shifted.
Statistic - A statistic is a quantity calculated from observed data using a specified rule.
Statistical assembly - Statistical assembly is a specialized label for a collection of components studied together as one statistical unit, with attention to how component...
Statistical benchmarking - Statistical benchmarking, in the survey-estimation sense used here, adjusts estimates or survey weights so that selected totals agree with trusted external...
Statistical classification - Statistical classification is the task of assigning an observation to one or more categories using a model informed by data.
Statistical confidentiality - Statistical confidentiality is the protection of information about individual statistical units against unauthorized disclosure when data are collected...
Statistical control - Statistical control is the condition in which a process's observed variation is consistent with a stable system of common causes, rather than showing...
Statistical Data Protection (SDP) - Statistical Data Protection, abbreviated SDP, is the coordinated protection of statistical information across the full production process, from collection...
Statistical design of experiments - Statistical design of experiments is the planned arrangement of experimental conditions, units, measurements, and analysis so that a study can answer its...
Statistical disclosure - Statistical disclosure occurs when released statistical information allows a recipient to learn protected information about a statistical unit more...
Statistical Disclosure Control (SDC) - Statistical Disclosure Control, abbreviated SDC, is the set of methods used to reduce the risk that released statistical information reveals protected...
Statistical edit - A statistical edit is a data-quality check whose rules or thresholds are derived from statistical analysis of reported data.
Statistical hypothesis test - A statistical hypothesis test is a procedure for assessing data against a stated hypothesis about a population or probability model.
Statistical interference - Statistical interference, in reliability and tolerance analysis, concerns the possibility that random demand exceeds random capacity, or that two varying...
Statistical learning theory - Statistical learning theory studies how and when a model learned from finite data can perform well on new observations.
Statistical linear regression - Statistical linear regression, in nonlinear Bayesian estimation, approximates a relationship between uncertain variables by an affine transformation plus an...
Statistical machine translation - Statistical machine translation is an approach to translating text that learns statistical relationships from language data and uses them to score candidate...
Statistical model - A statistical model is a mathematical description of how observed data can arise, expressed through probability distributions and assumptions about...
Statistical model specification - Statistical model specification is the process of defining the mathematical and probabilistic structure of a model before or alongside estimating its...
Statistical MT - Statistical MT means statistical machine translation: translating text between human languages using models learned from data, especially collections of...
Statistical parity - Statistical parity is a group-level criterion requiring a model's predictions or decisions to be independent of membership in a specified group.
Statistical process control - Statistical process control, or SPC, uses statistical methods and process knowledge to monitor performance over time, detect meaningful changes, and support...
Statistical quality control - Statistical quality control, or SQC, applies statistical methods to measure, monitor, evaluate, and improve quality in relation to defined requirements.
Statistical relational learning - Statistical relational learning is a family of methods that learn and reason under uncertainty while representing relationships among entities.
Statistical semantics - Statistical semantics studies and models aspects of language meaning through statistical patterns in language data.
Statistical shape analysis - Statistical shape analysis studies variation in the geometry of objects using statistical methods.
Statistical significance - Statistical significance is a label applied when a statistical result meets a specified testing criterion, commonly when a p-value is at or below a chosen...
Statistical thinking - Statistical thinking is an approach to learning from data that considers the question, how observations are produced, variation and uncertainty, and what...
Statistical unit - A statistical unit is the entity to which a statistical observation or result refers.
Statistically improbable phrase - Definition: A statistically improbable phrase is a phrase that is unusually characteristic of a document or collection when compared with a broader...
Stative expressions - Stative expressions describe a state, condition, property, or relationship rather than presenting an unfolding action or change.
Steepest ascent - Steepest ascent is an improvement strategy that chooses the most favorable immediate uphill move according to a defined neighborhood or geometry.
Steerable filter - A steerable filter is an oriented filter whose response at arbitrary angles can be synthesized from a fixed set of basis-filter responses.
Steerable pyramid - A steerable pyramid is a multiscale image representation that separates information into orientation-selective frequency bands, together with residual low-...
Steering kernel - A steering kernel is a local weighting function whose shape, orientation, and scale adapt to estimated image structure.
Stein discrepancy - A Stein discrepancy measures how strongly a candidate distribution violates identities that should hold under a target probability distribution.
Stem and leaf plot - A stem and leaf plot is a display of numerical observations that separates each value into a leading part, the stem, and a trailing part, the leaf.
Stemming - Stemming is a text-processing technique that reduces word forms to shared stems, often by applying rules that remove or replace endings.
Step cost - A step cost is the cost assigned to a single action or transition in a search problem.
Step size - In optimization, step size controls how far an update moves along a chosen search direction.
Stepped-wedge trial - A stepped-wedge trial evaluates an intervention introduced to different groups at different scheduled times.
Stepwise regression - Stepwise regression is a family of procedures that builds a regression model by adding or removing candidate predictors according to a specified rule.
Stereo cameras - Stereo cameras are a pair of cameras, or an integrated two-camera system, that capture a scene from separated viewpoints.