Information gain - Information gain measures a reduction in uncertainty.
Information gain ratio - Information gain ratio is a decision-tree split criterion that divides information gain by the information associated with the split's branch proportions.
Information gathering - Information gathering is the deliberate collection of evidence to improve knowledge, reduce uncertainty or support a decision.
Information gathering action - An information-gathering action is an action taken to obtain an observation that can change an agent's knowledge or beliefs.
Information governance - Information governance is the coordinated system of responsibilities, policies and oversight through which an organization manages information throughout...
Information integration - Information integration brings information from different sources into a coherent form or view so that people and applications can use it together.
Information matrix test - The information matrix test checks a likelihood model by comparing two quantities that agree in expectation under correct specification and suitable...
Information model - An information model describes the concepts in a chosen domain, their properties and relationships, and the rules that give them meaning.
Information projection - Information projection, often called I-projection, finds the probability distribution in an allowed set that minimizes a specified Kullback-Leibler...
Information repository - An information repository is an organized environment for storing, describing, managing and retrieving information.
Information retrieval - Information retrieval is the process of finding material that addresses an information need within a collection.
Information security - Information security is the protection of information and the systems that handle it against unauthorized access, disclosure, alteration, disruption, or...
Information security awareness - Information security awareness is people's understanding of relevant information risks, their responsibilities, and the practical actions they can take to...
Information security indicators - Information security indicators are defined measures or signals used to understand aspects of an organization's security condition, control performance, or...
Information sensitivity - Information sensitivity describes how much protection information needs because of the consequences of inappropriate disclosure, access, use, alteration, or...
Information sets - Information sets are groups of decision nodes that a player cannot distinguish using the information available to that player.
Information value theory - Information value theory evaluates information by how much it can improve a decision, taking account of uncertainty and the consequences of available actions.
Informative vector machine - The informative vector machine (IVM) is a sparse Gaussian process method that builds a limited active set of training examples using information-based...
InfoVAE - InfoVAE is a family of variational-autoencoder training objectives designed to give more explicit control over data modeling, latent-variable information...
Infrastructure as a service - Infrastructure as a service (IaaS) is a cloud service model that provides fundamental computing resources such as processing, storage and networking.
Infrastructure as code - Infrastructure as code (IaC) is the practice of defining and managing computing infrastructure through machine-readable files and repeatable automation.
Inheritance - Inheritance in knowledge representation is the use of a category hierarchy to derive information about more specific categories or their members from...
Inherited Bias - Inherited Bias arises when the output of one machine-learning system becomes input for another and carries an existing bias into the downstream learning...
Initial state - An initial state is the state from which a modeled process, search problem or planning task begins.
Inner fences - Inner fences are reference boundaries used in a common boxplot rule to flag unusually low or high observations.
Inner product - An inner product is a rule that combines two vectors into a scalar while satisfying specific symmetry, linearity, and positivity properties.
Inpainting - Inpainting is the process of filling, repairing, or replacing selected regions within an image using surrounding content and, in some systems, additional...
Input data - Input data is the information an AI system receives to produce a prediction or other inference.
Input generator - An input generator is a component that produces the inputs fed to a system or model: from prompt templates and data samplers to adversarial example makers...
Input layer - An input layer is the entry interface through which a neural network receives its data representation.
Input mask - An input mask is a pattern that guides or restricts how a user enters a value into a field.
Input/output automaton - An input/output automaton is a mathematical state-machine model for describing components of asynchronous concurrent systems.
Input/Output Hidden Markov Model - An Input/Output Hidden Markov Model is a hidden Markov model extended so the hidden dynamics are driven by an input stream: the system's behavior depends...
Input resolution - Input resolution is a restricted resolution strategy in automated reasoning: at least one parent clause in every resolution step must belong to the original...
Insertion Anomaly - An insertion anomaly is a database design problem in which a legitimate fact cannot be recorded without also supplying another, logically separate fact.
Inside-outside algorithm - The inside-outside algorithm is a dynamic-programming method for computing quantities over the possible parse trees of a context-free grammar.
Insider attack - An insider attack is a harmful action that exploits trusted access or an internal position to misuse an organization's information, systems, or resources.
Instance - An instance is a single example in a dataset: one row, one record, one case, the unit a model learns from at training time and scores at prediction time.
Instance-based learning - Instance-based learning predicts a new case by comparing it with stored examples.
Instance selection - Instance selection is the process of choosing a subset of existing examples to retain for a learning task.
Instantaneously trained neural networks - Instantaneously trained neural networks are a family of feedforward models whose parameters can be assigned directly from training examples rather than...
Institutional Bias - Institutional Bias is a pattern in an institution's practices, rules, or norms that favors or disadvantages particular social groups.
Instruction-level parallelism - Instruction-level parallelism (ILP) is the opportunity to overlap the execution of multiple machine instructions from a program's instruction stream.
Instruction tuning - Instruction tuning is additional training that teaches a language model to respond to tasks expressed as instructions.
Instrumental variables - Instrumental variables are variables used to isolate variation in an explanatory variable that can support causal estimation despite endogeneity.
Integral image - An integral image, also called a summed-area table, stores cumulative sums of image values so that sums over axis-aligned rectangular regions can be...
Integrated test facility - An integrated test facility (ITF) is an audit-testing approach in which controlled test data are processed within a production system, commonly using...
Integrity - Integrity is the information-security property of protecting information and systems against improper modification or destruction.