Independent variable - An independent variable is a variable used as an input or explanatory factor when studying or predicting an outcome.
Index - An index is an auxiliary data structure that links searchable keys or terms to the records, sentences, or documents associated with them.
Index number - An index number expresses a quantity, price, or other measure relative to a specified reference, commonly set to 100.
Indexed access - Indexed access retrieves data through an index that organizes searchable values and points to, or otherwise identifies, relevant records.
Indexed grammar - An indexed grammar is a formal grammar in which nonterminal symbols can carry stacks of index symbols.
Indexed language - An indexed language is a formal language generated by an indexed grammar. It is a set of terminal strings, rather than the grammar rules themselves.
Indexed random variable - An indexed random variable is a member of a family of random variables identified by an index, such as X[i], X-t, or Y[i,j].
Indexing - Indexing is the process of organizing a knowledge base so that a reasoning system can fetch potentially relevant facts or rules efficiently.
Indian buffet process - The Indian buffet process, or IBP, is a probability model for allocating potentially unbounded binary features to objects.
Indicator function - An indicator function represents whether a condition holds by returning one when it does and zero when it does not.
Indirect sampling - Indirect sampling obtains information about a target population through records or other linked units rather than sampling and observing the target units...
Individual Bias - Individual Bias is a persistent personal viewpoint, or a narrow set of viewpoints, that influences how someone considers information and makes judgments.
Individual fairness - Individual fairness is the principle that people who are similar in ways relevant to a particular task should receive similar treatment from a decision system.
Individuals chart - An individuals chart is a statistical process control chart that plots one numerical observation at each monitoring occasion.
Inducing point approximation - An inducing point approximation is a method for making Gaussian process inference more manageable by representing important function information through a...
Induction - Induction is reasoning from examples to a general rule: the logical move at the heart of machine learning, where many observed cases are compressed into a...
Inductive bias - Inductive bias is the set of assumptions or preferences that helps a learning system generalize beyond its training examples.
Inductive learning - Inductive learning is learning a general rule or predictive function from specific examples.
Inductive logic - Inductive logic is the study of formal principles for assessing how strongly evidence supports a hypothesis without necessarily proving it.
Inductive logic programming - Inductive logic programming, usually abbreviated ILP, is a machine-learning approach that learns logical rules from examples and background knowledge.
Inductive probability - Inductive probability concerns assigning probabilities to conclusions or future observations on the basis of incomplete evidence.
Inductive programming - Inductive programming is the automatic construction of programs from examples, partial specifications or related observations.
Inductive reasoning - Inductive reasoning draws conclusions that extend beyond the observations or premises available.
Industry standard data model - An industry standard data model is a shared description of important data concepts, attributes and relationships for a particular sector, established...
Inference - Inference is the process of obtaining conclusions or outputs from available information using a specified method.
Inference attack - An inference attack attempts to discover protected or sensitive information indirectly from information that is available, such as published statistics...
Inference Data - Inference data consists of the input values supplied to a trained machine-learning model when it produces a prediction or other output.
Inference engine - An inference engine is the component of a knowledge-based system that applies rules or other reasoning procedures to available facts to derive conclusions...
Inference Logs - Inference logs are records of the inputs supplied to an inference pipeline and the corresponding predictions or other outputs it produces.
Inference optimization - Inference optimization improves how a trained machine-learning model runs when producing outputs.
Inference path - An inference path is the route a particular input follows through a decision tree when the tree produces a prediction.
Inference Pipeline - An inference pipeline is the sequence of processing steps that takes input data, prepares it as needed, applies a trained model, and delivers a prediction...
Inference rules - Inference rules are formal patterns for deriving conclusions from premises.
Inferential frame problem - The inferential frame problem is the difficulty of reasoning efficiently about what remains unchanged as actions occur.
Inferential statistics - Inferential statistics uses observed data to draw conclusions about a wider population, an underlying data-generating process, or unknown model quantities.
Inferential theory of learning - The Inferential Theory of Learning is Ryszard Michalski's conceptual framework for describing learning as goal-directed transformation of knowledge through...
Infimum (or greatest lower bound) - The infimum of a nonempty set of real numbers bounded below is its greatest lower bound: the largest number that is no greater than every member of the set.
Infinite horizon - An infinite horizon is a sequential decision setting with no fixed final time step.
Infix - Infix is a notation in which an operator appears between its operands. In 8 + 5, the plus sign sits between the two numbers it combines.
Inflectional morphemes - Inflectional morphemes are grammatical meaning-bearing units that mark forms of a word, such as number, tense, or agreement, rather than primarily creating...
Influence - In regression diagnostics, influence describes how much an observation affects a fitted model or a particular estimated quantity.
Infobox - An infobox is a compact, structured summary of selected information about a subject, usually presented as labeled fields and their values alongside a longer...
Infomax - Infomax is an information-theoretic learning principle that seeks representations retaining as much information about their inputs as possible under...
InfoNCE lower bound - The InfoNCE lower bound is a relationship connecting a particular contrastive-learning objective to mutual information.
Information arc in an influence diagram - An information arc in an influence diagram is an arrow into a decision node showing that the source variable's value is available when that decision is made.
Information bottleneck method - The information bottleneck method seeks a representation of an input that retains information relevant to a chosen target while discarding other input detail.
Information extraction - Information extraction is the process of identifying selected information in text and representing it as structured data.
Information field theory - Information field theory is a Bayesian framework for inferring fields from incomplete or noisy measurements.