Scheffé test - The Scheffé test is a multiple-comparison procedure for examining contrasts among population means in an analysis-of-variance framework.
Scheirer - Ray - Hare test - The Scheirer - Ray - Hare test is a rank-based procedure for examining two factors and their interaction in an independent-observations factorial design.
Scientific protocol - A scientific protocol is a documented plan describing how a study or experiment will be carried out.
Score test - A score test is a likelihood-based hypothesis test that evaluates the slope of the log-likelihood at parameter values satisfying the null hypothesis.
Seasonal subseries plot - A seasonal subseries plot is a time-series display that groups observations by their position within a recurring cycle, while retaining chronological order...
Seasonally adjusted annual rate - A seasonally adjusted annual rate, or SAAR, expresses a seasonally adjusted monthly or quarterly flow on an annual scale.
Secular variation - Secular variation is a relatively slow, sustained change in a quantity over the timescale relevant to a particular field or study.
Self-selection bias - Self-selection bias occurs when people's decisions to participate, respond or enter a group create systematic differences relevant to the quantity being...
Self-weighting sample - A self-weighting sample has equal weights, or raising factors, for the estimator under consideration.
Semi-partial correlation ( r 0(1.2) ) - A semi-partial correlation measures the association between an outcome and the residual part of a predictor after specified other predictors have been...
Semiparametric model - A semiparametric model combines a finite-dimensional parameter component with a component that is not restricted to a fixed finite-dimensional parametric...
Sensitivity study - A sensitivity study investigates how changes in a process's or model's inputs affect selected outputs.
Separation test - A separation test is an early-phase statistical decision procedure intended to help decide whether further research is worth pursuing.
Sequence effect - A sequence effect occurs when experiencing one condition influences a person's response to another condition presented later.
Sequence model - A sequence model represents relationships in ordered data, where the position or history of observations matters to the task.
Sequential analysis - Sequential analysis is statistical analysis in which accumulating observations can determine whether to continue collecting data or stop according to a...
Sequential probability ratio test - The sequential probability ratio test, or SPRT, compares the accumulating likelihood of observations under two specified hypotheses.
Sequential studies - Sequential studies divide an investigation into distinct phases and allow findings from one phase to influence the design or purpose of later phases.
Seriousness check - A seriousness check asks research participants to report whether they are participating seriously, rather than merely inspecting a study or providing...
Set balancing - Set balancing is the problem of dividing a collection of items into two groups so that specified features are distributed as evenly as possible.
Shapiro-Wilk test - The Shapiro-Wilk test is a statistical test of whether a sample is compatible with a normal distribution.
Shared models - Shared models are trained machine-learning models made available for reuse by other developers, teams or applications.
Siegel - Tukey test - The Siegel-Tukey test is a nonparametric procedure for comparing the spread of two independent samples using specially assigned ranks.
Sign test - The sign test is a nonparametric test based on whether observations lie above or below a specified value, or whether paired differences are positive or...
Signal magnitude area - Signal magnitude area, commonly abbreviated SMA, is a feature that summarizes the absolute magnitude of a signal over a time window.
Significance level - A significance level is a prespecified probability threshold used to calibrate a statistical hypothesis test, commonly denoted alpha.
Simalto - SIMALTO is a market-research approach that uses a grid of product or service attributes and levels to explore customer priorities under trade-offs.
Simple effect - A simple effect is the effect of one factor evaluated at a specified level of another factor.
Simple interaction - A simple interaction is the interaction between two factors evaluated at one specified level of a third factor.
Simple linear regression - Simple linear regression models the mean of one response variable as a straight-line function of one predictor.
Simple regression - Simple regression is regression with a single explanatory variable.
Simpson's paradox - Simpson's paradox is a statistical phenomenon in which an association observed within separate groups reverses when the groups are combined.
Single-arm study design - A single-arm study design follows one group receiving an intervention without an internally assigned concurrent comparison arm.
Single-subject design - A single-subject design, often called a single-case design, studies outcomes repeatedly within individual cases while systematically varying an intervention...
Size invariance - Size invariance is an image-classification system's ability to preserve the correct class when the apparent size or resolution of the relevant image content...
Size (statistics) - In hypothesis testing, the size of a test is the largest, more precisely the supremum, of its rejection probability over all parameter values allowed by the...
Skewness - Skewness describes asymmetry in a distribution.
Sliced inverse regression - Sliced inverse regression, or SIR, is a supervised dimension-reduction method that seeks informative linear combinations of predictors for explaining a...
Smearing retransformation - Smearing retransformation is a method for estimating an expected response on its original scale after fitting a regression on a transformed scale.
Smoothing spline - A smoothing spline estimates a smooth relationship by balancing fit to observed data against a penalty for excessive curvature.
Sobel test - The Sobel test is a normal-approximation test of an indirect effect expressed as the product of two estimated regression paths.
Solomon four-group design - The Solomon four-group design is a randomized experimental design that crosses an intervention with the presence or absence of a pretest.
Sparse binary polynomial hashing - Sparse binary polynomial hashing, or SBPH, is a text-feature generation technique associated with the CRM114 classifier.
Sparse model - A sparse model is a model whose representation contains relatively few active or nonzero components compared with the available possibilities.
Sparsity-of-effects principle - The sparsity-of-effects principle is the working expectation that only a relatively small subset of the many possible effects in an experiment materially...
Spatial Regression - Spatial regression is a family of regression methods that explicitly represents geographical relationships, spatial dependence or spatial variation in the...
Spearman rank correlation - Spearman rank correlation measures the strength and direction of a monotonic association between two variables using their ranks.
Special cause - A special cause is a source of process variation associated with a particular circumstance or change beyond the routine common-cause variation of the...