Sentence extraction - Sentence extraction is a summarization technique that selects complete sentences from source material and uses them in a shorter output.
Sentence-permutation denoising - Sentence-permutation denoising is a pretraining task that shuffles a document's sentences and trains a model to reconstruct their original order.
Sentence separation - In the supplied sequence-generation context, sentence separation means marking the boundary between a source sequence and its target sequence, commonly with...
Sentiment - In natural language processing, sentiment is an expressed or implied evaluation, commonly described as positive or negative toward a target.
Sentinel token for span corruption - A sentinel token for span corruption is a special marker that replaces a removed span of text and links that gap to its reconstruction target.
Sequence labeling - Sequence labeling assigns a label to each unit in an ordered input sequence, producing an aligned label sequence of the same length at the chosen unit level.
SGNS - SGNS stands for skip-gram with negative sampling, a method for learning word embeddings by distinguishing observed word - context pairs from sampled noise...
Sibilant sound - A sibilant sound contains prominent hissing or hushing frication produced by a directed stream of air in the front of the mouth.
Side sequence - A side sequence is a subsidiary stretch of conversation that temporarily interrupts an ongoing sequence before participants return to it.
Similarity - Similarity is the degree to which two items resemble one another under a specified interpretation or representation.
Sinewave synthesis - Sinewave synthesis, in speech research, creates an artificial speech-like signal by replacing changing vocal resonances with time-varying pure tones.
Singleton - In coreference analysis, a singleton is an entity represented by only one mention within the text or annotation scope being considered.
Singular they - Singular they is the use of “they,” “them,” “their,” or related forms to refer to one person.
Slot filling - Slot filling is the process of identifying values for named fields in a structured representation of a user’s request or another piece of text.
SOV language - An SOV language is a language whose basic or dominant clause order places the subject before the object and the object before the verb.
Span - In natural language processing, a span is a selected stretch of text identified by its boundaries.
Span-corruption language-model objective - A span-corruption language-model objective trains a model to reconstruct consecutive pieces of text removed from an input.
Speaker diarization - Speaker diarization is the process of determining which speaker is active at which times in an audio recording.
Speaker diarization - Speaker diarization is the process of dividing an audio recording into time intervals and assigning speaker labels to those intervals.
Speaker identification - Speaker identification is the task of determining which person in a set of candidate speakers best matches a speech sample.
Speaker recognition - Speaker recognition is the use of information in speech to distinguish or recognize speakers.
Speaker verification - Speaker verification is the task of assessing whether a speech sample matches a particular nominated or claimed speaker.
Spectral modeling synthesis - Spectral modeling synthesis is a sound analysis and synthesis technique that represents a signal as time-varying sinusoidal components plus a noise-like...
Speech analytics - Speech analytics is the use of computational methods to extract information and patterns from spoken interactions.
Speech corpus - A speech corpus is an organized collection of speech recordings assembled for research, development, or evaluation.
Speech segmentation - Speech segmentation is the identification of boundaries between units in spoken language, such as words, syllables, or speech sounds.
Speech synthesis - Speech synthesis is the artificial generation of speech audio by a computer or other system.
Spell checker - A spell checker is a tool that detects possible spelling errors and may suggest corrections.
SPL notation - SPL notation is a structured notation for sentence plans, associated with the Sentence Plan Language developed for the Penman natural-language generation...
Split-half reliability - Split-half reliability is an approach to assessing measurement consistency by dividing a set of measurement contributions into two parts and comparing the...
Spoken dialog system - A spoken dialog system is a computer system that interacts with a person through spoken conversation.
Start symbol - A start symbol is the designated symbol from which a formal grammar begins deriving complete expressions.
Statistical machine translation - Statistical machine translation is an approach to translating text that learns statistical relationships from language data and uses them to score candidate...
Statistically improbable phrase - Definition: A statistically improbable phrase is a phrase that is unusually characteristic of a document or collection when compared with a broader...
Stative expressions - Stative expressions describe a state, condition, property, or relationship rather than presenting an unfolding action or change.
Stochastic semantic analysis - Definition: Stochastic semantic analysis uses probabilistic models to infer a meaning representation from language.
Stop (consonant) - A stop consonant is a speech sound characterized by a complete closure that blocks the relevant airflow in the vocal tract.
Stop list - A stop list is a collection of words or terms that a text-processing system is configured to ignore or remove at a particular stage.
String kernel - A string kernel is a function that compares symbol sequences through an inner product of their sequence features.
Structural ambiguity - Structural ambiguity occurs when the same sequence of words can receive more than one grammatical structure.
Stupid backoff - Stupid backoff is a simple scoring method for n-gram language models.
Stylometry - Stylometry is the quantitative study of writing style.
Subjectivity - In language analysis, subjectivity is the expression of a person’s perspective, evaluation, opinion, emotion, belief, or related private state.
Subspace Gaussian mixture model - A subspace Gaussian mixture model, or SGMM, is an acoustic-modeling approach for speech recognition that shares a structured Gaussian-mixture representation...
Substitutability - In syntactic analysis, substitutability is the possibility of replacing one word or group of words with another expression in a grammatical environment.
Subvocal recognition - Subvocal recognition is the computational recognition of deliberately produced silent or nearly silent speech-related activity.