AND-parallelism - AND-parallelism means solving required subproblems concurrently when their results must all contribute to the overall solution.
Anderson-Darling test - The Anderson-Darling test is a goodness-of-fit test that compares an empirical distribution with a specified distribution or fitted distribution family.
Angelic nondeterminism - Angelic nondeterminism interprets an unresolved choice as one that can be made in favor of achieving a specified objective.
Angelic semantics - Angelic semantics gives a high-level planning action meaning in terms of the states reachable by at least one permitted refinement into primitive actions.
Anisotropic diffusion - Anisotropic diffusion is a family of image-processing methods that smooth an image according to its local structure, aiming to reduce small fluctuations...
Anisotropic filtering - Anisotropic filtering is a texture-sampling technique that accounts for unequal scaling in different directions.
Anisotropy - Anisotropy means that a distribution has different properties in different directions.
Annealed importance sampling - Annealed importance sampling, or AIS, estimates quantities associated with a difficult probability distribution by moving through a sequence of intermediate...
Anomaly - An anomaly is a data point or event that departs from what is normal in a way that deserves attention: the unusual transaction, the strange sensor reading...
Anomaly detection - Anomaly detection is the task of finding data points, events or patterns that differ markedly from what is normal, such as a fraudulent payment, a failing...
Anonymization - Anonymization is the process of changing information about people so that they are no longer identifiable within the relevant context and applicable standard.
Ansari-Bradley test - The Ansari-Bradley test is a rank-based test for a difference in scale between two independent samples.
Answer literal - An answer literal is a specially introduced logical literal that carries the values of query variables through a resolution proof.
Answer set programming - Answer set programming, or ASP, is a declarative approach to solving problems by describing acceptable solutions with logical rules and constraints.
Answer sets - Answer sets are the stable models of a logic program used in answer set programming.
Ant Colony Optimization - Ant Colony Optimization, usually abbreviated ACO, is a family of optimization algorithms inspired by how some ant species use pheromone trails.
Antecedent - An antecedent is an earlier linguistic expression that a later referring expression connects back to. In “A drone landed.
Antecedent variable - An antecedent variable is a variable that precedes another variable in time or in a proposed explanatory sequence.
Antithetic variates - Antithetic variates are a Monte Carlo variance-reduction technique that pairs simulated outputs with deliberately related counterparts.
Anytime A* - Anytime A* is a form of heuristic search that retains a solution once one is found and continues searching for better solutions when more computation time...
Anytime algorithm - An anytime algorithm is designed to provide a usable result within a flexible computation budget and improve result quality when more computation is available.
Apparent contour - An apparent contour is the image-plane projection of a surface's contour generator: locations where the viewing direction lies in the surface's tangent plane.
Appearance model - An appearance model is a representation of how an object, region or scene looks in images and how that visual evidence can vary.
Application Defined Network - An application defined network is a networking approach in which application requirements help determine connectivity, traffic handling and related controls.
Application firewall - An application firewall examines application-level communication and applies rules to permit or block traffic.
Application programming interface - An application programming interface, or API, is a defined way for one piece of software to ask another to do something or share data, without needing to...
Application programming interface endpoint - An application programming interface endpoint is a specific access point through which software uses an API's resource or operation.
Application security - Application security is the work of designing, building, testing, operating and maintaining applications to protect them against security failures and misuse.
Apprenticeship Learning - Apprenticeship learning is learning to perform a task from demonstrations of an expert's behavior.
Approximant sound - An approximant sound is a consonant produced with a relatively open passage between articulators, so the airflow does not create the strong friction noise...
Approximate Bayesian computation - Approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) is a family of methods for learning about model parameters by comparing simulated data with observations when...
Approximate entropy - Approximate entropy (ApEn) is a statistic that describes the regularity of a finite sequence by comparing the frequency of similar patterns with the...
Approximate inference - Approximate inference uses computational methods to estimate quantities that are too difficult or expensive to calculate exactly within a model.
Approximate near-neighbors - Approximate near-neighbors are data points found under a relaxed closeness requirement rather than an exact nearest-point requirement.
Apriori Algorithm - The Apriori algorithm is a classic method for finding items that frequently occur together in a large set of transactions and turning them into association...
Arc eager - Arc eager is a transition-based method for building dependency parses: structures linking each word to its syntactic head.
Arc standard - Arc standard, usually written arc-standard, is a transition system for building dependency parses of sentences.
Archetypal analysis - Archetypal analysis is an unsupervised method that represents observations as mixtures of a small number of characteristic profiles called archetypes.
Architecture - In the intelligent-agent context, architecture is the underlying computing and interaction platform on which an agent program runs.
ARD kernel - An ARD kernel is a covariance function with separate relevance-related parameters for different input dimensions.
Area sampling - Area sampling is survey sampling in which geographical areas serve as sampling units at one or more stages.
Area sampling frame - An area sampling frame is an organized representation of geographical sampling units from which a survey sample can be selected.
Area under the PR curve - Area under the PR curve summarizes a model's precision-recall tradeoff as its decision threshold changes.
Argument mining - Argument mining is the automatic identification of claims, reasons and argumentative relationships in natural-language material.
Argumentation framework - An argumentation framework is a formal representation of arguments and relationships between them, used to analyze which arguments can be accepted together.
Argumentation mining - Argumentation mining is the computational analysis of how people present claims, give reasons, and connect those reasons through support or opposition in text.
Argumentative relations - Argumentative relations are the connections that show how one argument component bears on another, such as providing support or raising an objection.