Discounted state-action occupancy measure - A discounted state-action occupancy measure describes how much a policy visits each state-action pair over time, with later visits receiving less weight.
Discourse - Discourse is connected language interpreted as a structured whole, such as a conversation, report, story, or article.
Discourse connectives - Discourse connectives are words or phrases that signal relationships between parts of a text or conversation.
Discourse deixis - Discourse deixis is reference to some aspect of a stretch of discourse, often using expressions such as “this” or “that.
Discourse model - A discourse model is a representation of the entities and relevant relationships established during an unfolding conversation or text.
Discourse-new - Discourse-new describes a referent that is being introduced into the current discourse rather than already being established in it.
Discourse-old - Discourse-old describes a referent that has already been established in the current discourse and is accessed again by a later expression.
Discourse parsing - Discourse parsing is the computational analysis of relationships and structure across parts of a text.
Discourse relation - Definition: A discourse relation is a meaning-based connection between stretches of text, such as explanation, contrast, elaboration or temporal sequence.
Discovery procedure - In the linguistic context of this glossary, a discovery procedure is a systematic method intended to derive a description of a language's structure from...
Discovery system (artificial intelligence) - A discovery system in AI is a system designed to generate or identify candidate scientific concepts, relationships or laws.
Discrete cosine transform - The discrete cosine transform, or DCT, represents a finite sequence of real numbers as weights of cosine patterns.
Discrete denoising diffusion probabilistic model - A discrete denoising diffusion probabilistic model, often abbreviated D3PM, generates discrete data by learning to reverse a gradual categorical corruption...
Discrete distribution - A discrete distribution assigns probabilities to a finite or countably infinite set of possible outcomes.
Discrete events - In knowledge representation, discrete events are occurrences with a definite structure and identifiable boundaries.
Discrete feature - A discrete feature is an input that takes one of a limited set of separate values, such as red, amber or green, rather than any value along a continuous scale.
Discrete Fourier transform - The discrete Fourier transform, or DFT, converts a finite sequence of samples into coefficients describing discrete frequency components.
Discrete optimization - Discrete optimization chooses the best feasible solution when some or all decisions must come from discrete sets, such as whole numbers, yes/no selections...
Discrete phase-type distribution - A discrete phase-type distribution describes the number of steps until a finite-state, discrete-time Markov chain reaches an absorbing state.
Discrete random variable - A discrete random variable is a numerical function of a random outcome that takes values in a finite or countably infinite set.
Discrete-time proportional hazards - Discrete-time proportional hazards models describe event occurrence when follow-up is divided into intervals and each interval's event probability is...
Discrete Uniform Distribution - A discrete uniform distribution assigns equal probability to each value in a specified finite set of possible outcomes.
Discrete variable - A discrete variable takes values from a finite or countably infinite set of distinct possibilities.
Discrete variational autoencoder - A discrete variational autoencoder is a variational generative model that uses discrete latent variables, such as categorical choices or binary states, to...
Discrete wavelet transform - A discrete wavelet transform, or DWT, represents sampled data through coefficients associated with localized patterns at different scales.
Discrete Weibull distribution - The discrete Weibull distribution is a family of distributions for nonnegative integer outcomes, often used for discrete lifetimes or count data.
Discretionary access control - Discretionary access control, or DAC, is an approach in which an object's owner or another authorized controller has some discretion to decide who can...
Discretization - Discretization represents a continuous quantity or space using a set of distinct values, categories, intervals, or grid points.
Discriminant analysis - Discriminant analysis is a family of statistical methods for distinguishing predefined groups using measured predictors.
Discrimination - Discrimination, in predictive statistics, is a model's ability to distinguish observations with different outcomes by assigning appropriately ordered...
Discriminative model - A discriminative model learns to predict an output from an input directly, rather than modeling the full process that generates the inputs.
Discriminator - A discriminator is the judging half of a generative adversarial network, the model that learns to tell real examples from fakes while its partner, the...
Disfluency - A disfluency is an interruption, hesitation, repetition, or revision in the flow of speech.
Disjoint pattern databases - Disjoint pattern databases are precomputed heuristic tables used in search problems, where suitable nonoverlapping subproblems provide lower-bound costs...
Disjunction - Disjunction is the logical operation commonly expressed as “or.
Disjunctive constraint - A disjunctive constraint requires at least one of several alternative conditions to hold. Its logical form is an OR between constraints.
Disocclusion - Disocclusion is the process by which a previously hidden part of a scene becomes visible when the viewpoint or scene changes.
Disordinal interaction - A disordinal interaction occurs when the direction of a difference between groups reverses across levels of another variable.
Disparate impact - Disparate impact refers to a practice producing disproportionately unfavorable outcomes for a group, even when the practice appears neutral on its face.
Disparate treatment - In machine-learning fairness discussions, disparate treatment refers to treating people differently through a decision process that uses sensitive group...
Disparity - Disparity, in stereo vision, is the difference between the image positions of corresponding scene points in two views.
Disparity map - A disparity map records the positional differences of corresponding scene points between two images, usually a stereo pair.
Dispersion - Dispersion, in the network-analysis sense used here, measures how separated the mutual neighbors of two connected nodes are from one another.
Dispersive flies optimization - Dispersive flies optimization is a population-based stochastic search algorithm inspired by the gathering and dispersal of flies.
Distance - Distance is a numerical measure of separation between two objects.
Distance map - A distance map is an image or grid in which each location stores its distance to a specified set of locations, such as the nearest background pixel, object...
Distance-Regular Graphs - Distance-regular graphs are connected graphs whose local connection counts around pairs of vertices depend on their graph distance rather than on the...