Cherry-Picking - Cherry-picking is the selective use or presentation of evidence that favors a desired conclusion while leaving out relevant evidence that would weaken...
Chi-square test - A chi-square test is a statistical hypothesis test that compares a calculated statistic with a chi-squared reference distribution.
Chi-squared distribution - The chi-squared distribution is a family of continuous probability distributions used to describe certain sums of squared standardized quantities.
Child node - A child node is a node directly below another node, its parent, in a rooted tree.
Chinese wall - A Chinese wall is an information barrier intended to prevent inappropriate sharing between activities or parties with conflicting interests.
Choice set - A choice set is the collection of alternatives available to a decision-maker for a particular decision.
Chomsky-adjunction - Chomsky-adjunction, in the context-free grammar sense used here, is a recursive way of extending a constituent while retaining its category.
Chomsky normal form - Chomsky normal form is a restricted form of a context-free grammar in which rules expand one nonterminal into either two nonterminals or one terminal.
Chordal - Chordal describes an undirected graph in which every cycle of four or more vertices has a chord: an edge connecting two vertices that are not consecutive on...
Choreography - Choreography is a description or coordination pattern for how multiple participants interact through messages and agreed behavior.
Chow - Liu tree - A Chow - Liu tree is a tree-structured probability model that approximates a joint distribution using relationships between pairs of variables.
Chroma keying - Chroma keying is a compositing technique that separates a subject from a background using color information, commonly from a green or blue screen.
Chroma subsampling - Chroma subsampling reduces the spatial resolution of an image's color-difference components while retaining a more detailed luma component.
Chronological backtracking - Chronological backtracking is a search method that responds to a dead end by undoing the most recent decision that still has an untried alternative.
Chunked transfer encoding - Chunked transfer encoding is an HTTP/1.1 message-framing mechanism that sends a message body as a sequence of length-prefixed chunks.
CICD or CI/CD - CI/CD means continuous integration combined with continuous delivery or continuous deployment.
Circuit (neural network) - In neural-network interpretability, a circuit is a collection of internal components and connections that work together to produce a particular behavior.
Circuit verification - Circuit verification checks whether a circuit design satisfies a stated specification.
Circular analysis - Circular analysis occurs when information used to select a pattern also enters the analysis presented as independent evidence for that pattern, without a...
Circular convolution - Circular convolution combines two finite sequences while treating their indices as periodic, so values that pass one end wrap around to the other.
Circumscription - Circumscription is a formal approach to nonmonotonic reasoning that prefers models in which selected properties hold for as few entities as possible...
Citation precision - Citation precision measures how well the citations an AI system supplies support the statements to which they are attached, under a specified evaluation rule.
Citation recall - Citation recall measures how much of an answer's evaluated content is supported by the citations provided, under a defined claim or statement-level protocol.
Clarification - Clarification is a conversational act that seeks to resolve uncertainty about what another participant said or meant.
Class - In classification, a class is one of the categories a model can assign to an item, such as spam, billing or delivery for incoming emails.
Class activation mapping - Class activation mapping, or CAM, is a technique that highlights image regions contributing to a particular class score in certain convolutional neural...
Class-based n-gram - A class-based n-gram is a language model that predicts words using groups of words called classes.
Class incremental learning - Class incremental learning is a continual-learning setting in which a model learns additional classes over time while remaining able to distinguish the...
Class interval - A class interval is a defined range of numerical values used to group observations in a frequency table or histogram.
Classical decomposition method - The classical decomposition method separates a time series into estimated trend-cycle, seasonal and remainder components using moving averages and seasonal...
Classical planning - Classical planning is the task of finding actions that transform a known initial state into a state satisfying a goal, under a simplified model with...
Classification - Classification is the task of assigning items to predefined categories, such as sorting emails into spam or not spam, using patterns learned from labeled...
Classification model - A classification model is a model that sorts items into predefined categories, such as spam or not spam, by learning the patterns that separate the classes...
Classification threshold - A classification threshold is the cut-off that turns a model's probability score into a decision, such as flagging every customer scored 0.7 or higher as a...
Classification with rejection - Classification with rejection allows a classifier to abstain from assigning a class to selected inputs.
Classifier chains - Classifier chains are a method for multi-label classification in which several classifiers are linked in an order.
Classifier-free guidance - Classifier-free guidance is a diffusion-generation technique that combines conditional and unconditional model predictions to strengthen the influence of a...
Classifier guidance - Classifier guidance is a technique for steering diffusion-model generation using gradients from a separate classifier.
Classifier head - A classifier head is the part of a neural model that converts learned representations into scores for a classification task.
Clause - A clause, in the logic used by many symbolic AI systems, is a disjunction of literals: statements joined by logical OR, where each statement is an atom or...
Clefts - Clefts are sentence constructions that present a message in a divided structure, commonly highlighting one constituent against a supporting clause.
CLEVER score - The CLEVER score is a statistical measure intended to estimate a neural classifier's local robustness to adversarial input changes.
Client-Server Architecture - Client-server architecture organizes software into components that request services and components that provide them.
Client-side persistent data - Client-side persistent data are information saved on a user's device so that an application can use them beyond the current in-memory session.
Clifford's method - Clifford's method is a median-based procedure for calculating robust control limits for an individuals control chart.
Clinical trial - A clinical trial is a research study that prospectively assigns people, or groups of people, to one or more health-related interventions to evaluate their...
Clipped double-Q learning - Clipped double-Q learning uses the smaller of two action-value estimates when constructing a learning target.