Word shape - Definition: Word shape is a representation of a token's character pattern, such as uppercase letters, lowercase letters, digits and punctuation.
Word tokenization - Word tokenization divides text into word-level units and, depending on the rules, separate punctuation or other tokens.
word2vec-CBOW - word2vec-CBOW is the continuous bag-of-words architecture for learning word vectors by predicting a target word from nearby context words.
Wordpiece - Definition: WordPiece is a subword tokenization method that represents text using a fixed vocabulary containing whole words and smaller word pieces.
Work stealing - Work stealing is a scheduling technique in which an idle worker takes available work from another worker's queue.
Workflow engine - A workflow engine is software that coordinates the execution of a defined process.
Working - Hotelling procedure - The Working - Hotelling procedure constructs a simultaneous confidence band for the mean response in a linear regression.
Workspace representation - A workspace representation describes a robot's geometry or relevant locations using coordinates in the same physical space as the objects it manipulates or...
Wrapper - A wrapper is an outer software procedure that provides a particular way to use another resource or procedure.
Write - write conflict - A write - write conflict occurs when concurrent operations or transactions try to modify the same data item in ways whose ordering matters.
WYSIWYM (interaction technique) - WYSIWYM, meaning What You See Is What You Meant in this interaction technique, lets people edit structured knowledge through natural-language feedback...
X-11 decomposition - X-11 decomposition is a seasonal-adjustment method that uses successive moving-average filters to separate a time series into trend-cycle, seasonal, and...
X-bar-R chart - An X-bar-R chart is a paired statistical process-control display that monitors subgroup averages and subgroup ranges over time.
X-bar-S chart - An X-bar-S chart is a paired process-control display that monitors subgroup means and subgroup standard deviations over time.
XML database - An XML database is a database designed to store, manage, and query information represented in XML, the Extensible Markup Language.
Yale shooting problem - The Yale shooting problem is a classic artificial-intelligence example showing how apparently reasonable default rules about persistence can produce...
Yarowsky algorithm - The Yarowsky algorithm is an iterative bootstrapping method for word-sense disambiguation.
Yates analysis - Yates analysis is a structured calculation of factor and interaction estimates for suitable factorial experiments, especially two-level designs.
Yates' correction for continuity - Yates' correction for continuity is an adjustment commonly associated with Pearson's chi-square test for a two-by-two contingency table.
Yates's correction for continuity - Yates's correction for continuity is the conventional half-unit adjustment to cell deviations in a two-by-two Pearson chi-square test.
Yo-yo (algorithm) - Yo-Yo is a distributed algorithm for finding the minimum identifier and electing a leader in a connected network represented by an undirected graph.
Yoked control design - A yoked control design links the experiences of a control participant to those generated by another participant or experimental unit.
You Only Look Once - You Only Look Once, usually abbreviated YOLO, is the name of an influential object-detection approach and a broad family of later detectors.
Youden's J statistic - Youden's J statistic summarizes a binary decision rule as sensitivity plus specificity minus one.
Z-score - A Z-score, or standard score, expresses how far a value lies above or below a reference mean in units of the reference standard deviation.
z-score normalization - Z-score normalization is a transformation that subtracts a reference mean from each numerical value and divides by a reference standard deviation.
Z-test - A Z-test is a statistical hypothesis test that compares a standardized statistic with the standard normal distribution.
Zelen's design - Zelen's design is a randomized study design in which allocation occurs before consent to the assigned study intervention is sought.
Zero anaphor - Definition: A zero anaphor is an unspoken or unwritten referring expression whose interpretation is supplied by linguistic context.
Zero degrees of freedom - Zero degrees of freedom means that no independent variation remains for the particular statistical quantity or comparison being considered after its...
Zero-gradient condition - The zero-gradient condition states that every first partial derivative of a differentiable objective is zero at a candidate point.
Zero-inflated Poisson regression - Zero-inflated Poisson regression is a model for nonnegative counts that combines a component producing only zeros with a Poisson count component.
Zero Redundancy Optimizer - Zero Redundancy Optimizer, usually written ZeRO, is a family of distributed-training memory optimizations that partitions model states across data-parallel...
Zero-shot - Zero-shot describes using a model on a target task or category without supplying task-specific demonstrations or labeled training examples under the stated...
Zero-shot learning - Zero-shot learning is a learning setting in which a model recognizes target classes without labeled training examples of those classes, using transferable...
Zero-shot prompting - Zero-shot prompting asks a model to perform a task without including a completed example of that task in the prompt.
Zero-shot TTS - Zero-shot TTS is text-to-speech synthesis that generates speech for a target speaker without separately fine-tuning the synthesis model on that speaker.
Zero-sum games - Zero-sum games are games in which the players' payoffs add to zero for every outcome.
Zero-width - Definition: In regular expressions, zero-width describes a match or assertion that consumes no characters.
Zeuthen strategy - The Zeuthen strategy is a concession strategy for certain formal two-agent negotiation settings.
Zionts - Wallenius method - The Zionts - Wallenius method is an interactive approach to multicriteria optimization that uses a decision maker's judgments about proposed trade-offs to...
Zipf - Mandelbrot law - The Zipf - Mandelbrot law is a rank - frequency model that extends Zipf's law by adding a shift to rank.
Zipf's law - Zipf's law is an approximate rank - frequency pattern in which an item's frequency decreases as its rank increases, often roughly in inverse proportion.
Zippering - Zippering is an image artifact in which alternating light, dark or colored pixels create a tooth-like pattern along an edge.
Zonal polynomial - A zonal polynomial is a member of a structured family of symmetric, homogeneous polynomials in the eigenvalues of a matrix, indexed by an integer partition.
Zone index - A zone index is a text-search index that records which document zone contains a term.