Tuple space - A tuple space is a shared coordination space in which concurrent processes exchange structured collections of values called tuples.
Tuple Type - A tuple type describes the structure of a tuple or record: its component attributes or fields and their associated types.
Tuple-versioning - Tuple-versioning retains multiple versions of a database row, or tuple, to represent changes over time.
Turbo decoding - Turbo decoding is an iterative error-correction method in which component decoders exchange soft information to estimate transmitted bits from noisy...
Turing Test - The Turing Test is a family of conversational evaluations inspired by Alan Turing's 1950 imitation game.
Tweedie's formula - Tweedie's formula relates a Bayesian estimate of an underlying signal to the probability distribution of its noisy observations.
Two-filter smoothing - Two-filter smoothing is a way to infer past hidden states by combining a forward filtering calculation with information propagated backward from later...
Two-image operation - A two-image operation combines corresponding pixel values from two images to produce an output image.
Two-pass verification - Two-pass verification is a data-entry control in which information is entered twice and the resulting values are compared to identify disagreements.
Two-phase commit protocol - The two-phase commit protocol, or 2PC, coordinates an all-or-nothing decision for a transaction involving multiple transactional participants.
Two-phase locking - Two-phase locking, or 2PL, is a database concurrency-control protocol that divides each transaction's lock use into two phases.
Two-proportion Z-test - A two-proportion Z-test is a large-sample hypothesis test comparing two independent population proportions.
Two-sample hypothesis testing - Two-sample hypothesis testing uses observations from two samples to assess a specified claim about their source populations or distributions.
Two-scale (base/detail) decomposition - A two-scale, or base/detail, decomposition separates an image into a base layer describing broader variation and a detail layer describing what remains.
Two-scale blending - Two-scale blending combines images by treating broad tonal variation and fine detail differently.
Two-scale style transfer - Two-scale style transfer changes a photograph's appearance by treating broad tonal structure and local detail separately, using a reference image to guide...
Two-sided test - A two-sided test evaluates departures from a null hypothesis in either direction.
Two-stream self-attention - Two-stream self-attention is XLNet's mechanism for maintaining separate content and query representations at token positions.
Two-Tower Embedding Model - A Two-Tower Embedding Model uses two encoders to map two kinds of input, such as queries and documents or users and items, into compatible vector...
Twoway factorial design - A two-way factorial design studies two factors by including every combination of their selected levels.
Twyman's law - Twyman's law is a practical warning that an unusually interesting result deserves especially careful checking because an error may explain it.
Type-1 OWA operators - Type-1 OWA operators extend ordered weighted averaging to aggregate information represented by type-1 fuzzy sets, with weights that can also be type-1 fuzzy...
Type A strategy - A type A strategy is Claude Shannon's historical term for a game-playing approach that considers all move variations to a predetermined depth and then...
Type B strategy - A type B strategy is Claude Shannon's historical approach to game search that selects which variations to investigate and extends important lines toward...
Type-Casting - Type-casting is the conversion of a value from one data type to another according to a programming language or database system's rules.
Type constraint - A type constraint restricts the kinds of values or objects that may appear in a particular position or operation.
Type I error - A Type I error occurs when a statistical hypothesis test rejects a null hypothesis that is true.
Type II error - A Type II error occurs when a statistical test fails to reject a null hypothesis that is false.
Type III error - Type III error is a statistical expression with several meanings, so its intended definition must be stated.
Type signature - A type signature specifies the types of inputs and outputs associated with a function or operation.
Type - token distinction - The type - token distinction separates a repeatable kind or pattern from a particular instance of it.
U-matrix - A U-matrix, or unified distance matrix, is a visualization of distances between neighboring prototype vectors in a trained self-organizing map.
U-Net - U-Net is a convolutional neural-network architecture that combines an image encoder, an image decoder, and connections between corresponding resolution levels.
UCB1 - UCB1 is a multi-armed bandit algorithm that selects an action using its average observed reward plus an exploration bonus.
UCT - UCT is a method for guiding Monte Carlo tree search by applying upper-confidence-bound ideas at decision nodes.
Ugly duckling theorem - The ugly duckling theorem is a result associated with Satosi Watanabe showing that, if all possible predicates are treated equally in a particular logical...
Łukasiewicz logic - Łukasiewicz logic is a family of many-valued logics associated with Jan Łukasiewicz.
Ultimate sampling unit - An ultimate sampling unit is a unit selected at the final stage of a sampling design.
Unary code - Unary code represents an integer using a repeated bit followed by a terminating bit.
Unary coding - Unary coding represents a nonnegative integer by repeating one bit a number of times equal to the integer and ending with the opposite bit.
Unary constraint - A unary constraint is a rule that restricts the allowed values of one variable in a constraint satisfaction problem.
Unavoidable Redundancy - Unavoidable redundancy is a descriptive term for repeated information that cannot simply be removed by a proposed normalization decomposition without losing...
Unbiased estimator - An unbiased estimator is a rule for estimating an unknown quantity whose expected value equals that quantity under the assumed sampling model.
Unbounded cost search - Unbounded-cost search seeks a valid solution without requiring its cost to fall below a specified threshold or within a specified factor of the best...
UNCANNY VALLEY - The uncanny valley is a proposed pattern in people's responses to humanlike artificial characters or robots: increasing human resemblance may initially...