Weiss intrinsic-image estimator - The Weiss intrinsic-image estimator is a method for separating a fixed reflectance image from changing illumination in an image sequence.
Weissman score - The Weissman score is a compression-comparison metric that combines compression ratio and compression time relative to a baseline compressor.
Welch's t-test - Welch's t-test compares two population means using independent samples without assuming that the population variances are equal.
Western Electric rules - Western Electric rules are a set of pattern checks used with statistical process control charts to flag possible changes in a process.
Wetware computer - A wetware computer uses living biological material as part of its information-processing system.
Wh-pronoun - Definition: A wh-pronoun is a pronoun from the family of forms such as who, whom, what and which that can be used in questions and related constructions.
Whipple's index - Whipple's index is a demographic measure of concentration in reported ages ending in selected digits, conventionally zero and five.
Whiskers - Whiskers are the lines extending outward from a box in a boxplot.
White noise - White noise is a time-series process with a constant finite variance and no correlation between observations at different times.
White pages schema - A white pages schema is a data model for describing people in a directory service.
White-patch assumption - The white-patch assumption is a color-constancy assumption that strong image responses provide evidence of the scene illuminant because suitably reflective...
White test - The White test is a regression diagnostic for heteroskedasticity: variation in error variance across observations.
Whitelist - A whitelist, also called an allowlist, is a defined set of items that a system permits under a policy.
Whitening transformation - A whitening transformation linearly transforms centered numerical data so that its covariance matrix becomes the identity matrix, when the required...
Whittle likelihood - The Whittle likelihood is a frequency-domain approximation used to estimate parameters of stationary time-series models.
Wide-angle portrait correction - Wide-angle portrait correction is image processing that reduces unwanted shape stretching or skew in people photographed with a wide field of view.
Wide-issue - Wide-issue describes a processor design capable of issuing multiple instructions or internal operations during one clock cycle.
Wide matrix - A wide matrix has more columns than rows. If a matrix has m rows and d columns, it is wide when d>m.
Wide model - A wide model is a linear model with many input features, often represented sparsely, that connect directly to an output score.
Widely applicable information criterion - The widely applicable information criterion, or WAIC, estimates a Bayesian model's out-of-sample predictive performance using pointwise likelihood values...
Wiener connector - A Wiener connector is a connected subgraph containing a specified set of query vertices, considered under an objective based on its Wiener index.
Wiener filter - A Wiener filter is a filter designed to minimize expected squared estimation error within a specified class of linear filters, using statistical information...
Wike's law of low odd primes - Wike's law of low odd primes is a deliberately provocative experimental-design maxim associated with a 1973 article by Edward L. Wike.
Wikification - Definition: Wikification is the process of identifying relevant terms or mentions in a text and linking them to the appropriate Wikipedia articles.
Wilcoxon signed-rank test - The Wilcoxon signed-rank test evaluates paired differences using the ranks of their absolute sizes together with their signs.
Wilks' theorem - Wilks' theorem states that, under suitable regularity conditions and a true null hypothesis, twice the difference between maximized log likelihoods of...
Win statistics - Win statistics are measures that summarize pairwise comparisons between two groups as wins, losses and ties under a specified outcome rule.
Winner's curse - The winner's curse is the tendency for the winning bidder in an uncertain common-value auction to have an unusually optimistic estimate and, if that...
Winner-take-all (computing) - Winner-take-all, or WTA, is a computational selection mechanism in which one candidate remains active while competing candidates are suppressed or excluded.
Winner-take-all in action selection - Winner-take-all in action selection is a decision mechanism in which competing action candidates are compared and one is selected to control behavior.
Winnow (algorithm) - Winnow is a family of online linear-threshold learning algorithms that adjust feature weights multiplicatively after prediction errors.
Winsorized samples - Winsorized samples are datasets in which selected extreme observations have been replaced by specified boundary values.
Wisdom of the crowd - Wisdom of the crowd is the idea that combining judgments from multiple contributors can produce a useful collective estimate.
Wishart distribution - The Wishart distribution is a probability distribution over real symmetric positive-semidefinite matrices, with the usual nonsingular form supported on...
Wizard of Oz experiment - A Wizard of Oz experiment is a user-research method in which a person operates some or all of the functionality that participants experience as an automated...
Wold's theorem - Wold's theorem, in its time-series decomposition sense, states that a covariance-stationary process can be separated into a perfectly linearly predictable...
Word-context matrix - A word-context matrix records how target words occur with selected contexts in a text collection.
Word embedding - A word embedding is a numerical vector used to represent a word in a space where learned relationships can support language-processing tasks.
Word error rate - Word error rate, or WER, measures the word-level differences between a speech-recognition transcript and a reference transcript.
Word list - A word list is an organized collection of words selected for a stated purpose.
Word sense - Definition: A word sense is a particular meaning associated with a word.
Word sense disambiguation - Definition: Word sense disambiguation, or WSD, is the task of deciding which meaning of a word is intended in a particular context.
Word-sense induction - Word-sense induction is the automatic discovery of different uses or senses of a word from the contexts in which it occurs.
Word shape - Definition: Word shape is a representation of a token's character pattern, such as uppercase letters, lowercase letters, digits and punctuation.
Word tokenization - Word tokenization divides text into word-level units and, depending on the rules, separate punctuation or other tokens.
word2vec-CBOW - word2vec-CBOW is the continuous bag-of-words architecture for learning word vectors by predicting a target word from nearby context words.
Wordpiece - Definition: WordPiece is a subword tokenization method that represents text using a fixed vocabulary containing whole words and smaller word pieces.