Signaling compression - Signaling compression reduces the size of messages used to establish, manage or end communication sessions.
Significance level - A significance level is a prespecified probability threshold used to calibrate a statistical hypothesis test, commonly denoted alpha.
Significance test - A significance test evaluates how compatible observed data are with a specified null hypothesis and statistical model.
Silence compression - Silence compression reduces the data used to represent quiet or inactive portions of an audio signal.
Silhouette Coefficient - The Silhouette Coefficient measures how well an observation fits its assigned cluster compared with the nearest competing cluster.
Simalto - SIMALTO is a market-research approach that uses a grid of product or service attributes and levels to explore customer priorities under trade-offs.
Similarity - Similarity is the degree to which two items resemble one another under a specified interpretation or representation.
Similarity graph - A similarity graph represents data items as nodes and selected similarity relationships as edges.
Similarity learning - Similarity learning trains a model to judge how alike or related two objects are for a particular task.
Similarity measure - A similarity measure is a rule that assigns a numerical score to how alike two objects are in a chosen representation.
Similarity networks - In probabilistic AI, similarity networks are collections of local Bayesian networks constructed to distinguish among overlapping subsets of hypotheses.
Similarity Search - Similarity search retrieves items that are close to a query under a specified comparison measure.
Simple effect - A simple effect is the effect of one factor evaluated at a specified level of another factor.
Simple function - A simple function is a measurable function that takes only finitely many distinct values.
Simple interaction - A simple interaction is the interaction between two factors evaluated at one specified level of a third factor.
Simple linear regression - Simple linear regression models the mean of one response variable as a straight-line function of one predictor.
Simple Paths - A simple path is a sequence of connected graph nodes in which no node appears more than once. In a directed graph, each step must follow the edge direction.
Simple reflex agent - A simple reflex agent is the most basic kind of agent: it chooses its action from the current percept alone, using condition-action rules, with no memory of...
Simple regression - Simple regression is regression with a single explanatory variable.
Simplex algorithm - The simplex algorithm is a method for solving linear programs: optimization problems with a linear objective and linear constraints.
Simpson's paradox - Simpson's paradox is a statistical phenomenon in which an association observed within separate groups reverses when the groups are combined.
Simulated annealing - Simulated annealing is a randomized optimization method that sometimes accepts a worse candidate solution to escape local optima.
Simulation-based optimization - Simulation-based optimization combines a simulation model with a procedure for searching for better decisions.
Simulation component metadata - Simulation component metadata describes an individual component used in a simulation.
Simulation decomposition - Simulation decomposition, often called SimDec, is an uncertainty and sensitivity analysis approach that explains an output distribution by separating it...
Simulation environment metadata - Simulation environment metadata describes the overall environment in which a simulation runs.
Simulation profile - A simulation profile, in the ITU machine-learning sandbox context, is a set of parameters and values describing the ML use case to be trained, evaluated or...
Simultaneous and heterogeneous multithreading - Simultaneous and heterogeneous multithreading, abbreviated SHMT, is a research approach to using different kinds of processing hardware concurrently within...
Simultaneous autoregression - Simultaneous autoregression is a spatial statistics model where each location's value is predicted from the values of its neighboring locations at the same...
Simultaneous localization and mapping - Simultaneous localization and mapping, usually shortened to SLAM, is the problem of estimating a robot's location while building a map of the environment...
Sinc - The normalized sinc function is sinc(x)=sin(πx)/(πx) for x≠0, with sinc(0)=1 defined by the limit.
Sinewave synthesis - Sinewave synthesis, in speech research, creates an artificial speech-like signal by replacing changing vocal resonances with time-varying pure tones.
Single-arm study design - A single-arm study design follows one group receiving an intervention without an internally assigned concurrent comparison arm.
Single customer view - A single customer view is a coherent representation of a customer assembled from relevant records across systems or channels.
Single-instance storage - Single-instance storage stores one physical instance of identical content while allowing several logical objects or references to use it.
Single instruction, multiple threads - Single instruction, multiple threads, or SIMT, is an execution model in which a group of threads can execute a common instruction while each thread works...
Single-pass in-memory indexing - Single-pass in-memory indexing, usually abbreviated SPIMI, builds an inverted index by accumulating a block of term postings in memory, writing that block...
Single program / multiple data - Single program / multiple data, usually shortened to SPMD, is a way of organizing parallel computing in which several processors run the same program on...
Single source of truth - A single source of truth is an agreed authoritative source or governed access point for a particular set of information.
Single-subject design - A single-subject design, often called a single-case design, studies outcomes repeatedly within individual cases while systematically varying an intervention...
Single version of the truth - A single version of the truth is a governed, consistently defined view of data that people agree to use for a specified reporting or decision purpose.
Singleton - In coreference analysis, a singleton is an entity represented by only one mention within the text or annotation scope being considered.
Singular extensions - Singular extensions are selective game-tree search extensions that allocate extra depth to a move appearing substantially better than its alternatives.
Singular matrix - A singular matrix is a square matrix that has no inverse.
Singular they - Singular they is the use of “they,” “them,” “their,” or related forms to refer to one person.
Singular value - A singular value is a nonnegative number describing how much a matrix stretches a particular orthogonal input direction.
Singular value decomposition - Singular value decomposition, or SVD, factors a matrix into orthonormal input and output directions together with nonnegative scale factors.