Saturated array - A saturated array, in experimental design, is an orthogonal array whose factor main effects use all the available degrees of freedom after allowing for the...
Saturated model - A saturated model has enough free parameters to reproduce all the independently variable features of the observed data being modeled.
Saturation (point operation) - A saturation point operation changes the color intensity of each pixel relative to a neutral gray reference, using only that pixel's input values.
Savepoint - A savepoint is a named position inside a database transaction to which the application can roll back some later work without necessarily abandoning the...
Sayre's paradox - Sayre's paradox describes a circular difficulty in handwriting recognition: identifying characters can require knowing where their boundaries are, while...
Scalability - Scalability is a system's ability to handle growth in workload while meeting defined performance, quality, and resource requirements.
Scalar - A scalar is a single number, as opposed to a list, table or grid of numbers; it carries one value with no direction or structure attached.
Scale analysis (statistics) - Scale analysis is the examination of questionnaire or test items to determine how they can support measurement of an underlying construct.
Scale co-occurrence matrix - A scale co-occurrence matrix is an image-texture descriptor that counts how values at corresponding locations occur together across two image scales.
Scale-invariant prior - A scale-invariant prior is a prior measure for a positive scale parameter that retains its form when measurement units change multiplicatively.
Scale space - Scale space is a framework for representing an image or signal at multiple levels of spatial detail.
Scale-space axioms - Scale-space axioms are mathematical requirements used to define what a family of progressively coarser image representations should do.
Scaled orthographic projection - Scaled orthographic projection is a camera approximation that projects three-dimensional points orthographically and applies a shared scale based on a...
Scales of measurement - Scales of measurement describe the relationships represented by values assigned to observations.
Scaling - Scaling is rescaling numeric features to comparable ranges, so that no variable dominates a model merely because of the units it happens to be measured in.
Scaling laws - Scaling laws are empirical relationships describing how a model's measured performance changes as resources such as model size, training data, or...
Scan Operation - A scan operation is a database execution operation that obtains rows or other records from a data source for use by a query.
Scanpath - A scanpath is an ordered description of where a person's gaze moves while viewing a stimulus, often represented as a sequence of fixations linked by saccades.
Scatter matrix - A scatter matrix summarizes multivariate variation through sums of outer products of centered observation vectors.
Scatter plot - A scatter plot displays paired numerical values as points on two axes.
Scatterplot matrix - A scatterplot matrix is a grid of plots showing pairwise relationships among several variables.
Scatterplot smoothing - Scatterplot smoothing estimates a curve through paired observations to describe how a response tends to vary with a predictor.
Scenario (vehicular automation) - In vehicular automation, a scenario describes how a traffic setting and its participants evolve over time, including relevant actions, events, and...
Scheduling - Scheduling is the process of assigning activities to times and resources while satisfying relevant constraints.
Scheffé test - The Scheffé test is a multiple-comparison procedure for examining contrasts among population means in an analysis-of-variance framework.
Scheirer - Ray - Hare test - The Scheirer - Ray - Hare test is a rank-based procedure for examining two factors and their interaction in an independent-observations factorial design.
Schema - A schema is a description of how data is organized and constrained.
Schema-agnostic databases - Schema-agnostic databases, in the query-interface sense, let users request information without first knowing the database's exact structure or vocabulary.
Schema crosswalk - A schema crosswalk documents how elements in one metadata or data schema correspond to elements in another.
Schema heterogeneity - Schema heterogeneity is the presence of different ways of naming, organizing or representing data structures across a collection or its sources.
Schema matching - Schema matching is the process of identifying meaningful correspondences between elements of different schemas.
Schema migration - Schema migration is a controlled change to the structure of a database, such as adding a table, renaming a column, changing a data type, or introducing a...
Schur decomposition - Schur decomposition expresses a square complex matrix as A=QTQ*, where Q is unitary and T is upper triangular. The diagonal entries of T are A's eigenvalues.
Schwa - Schwa is the vowel represented by [ə] in the International Phonetic Alphabet.
Scientific protocol - A scientific protocol is a documented plan describing how a study or experiment will be carried out.
Score-based generative model - A score-based generative model learns gradients of log probability density with respect to the data and uses those gradients in a sampling process to create...
Score function estimator - A score function estimator estimates the derivative of an expected outcome by multiplying sampled outcomes by the parameter gradient of their log probability.
Score matching - Score matching is a method for fitting a continuous probability model by matching its gradient of log density with respect to the data to that of the data...
Score test - A score test is a likelihood-based hypothesis test that evaluates the slope of the log-likelihood at parameter values satisfying the null hypothesis.
Scoring - Scoring is applying a trained model to new cases to produce its outputs: a probability, a prediction, a risk grade, the number the model was built to give...
SDCH - SDCH stands for Shared Dictionary Compression over HTTP.
Sealed-bid auction - A sealed-bid auction is an auction in which participants submit bids without seeing competing bids before the bidding deadline or relevant decision point.
Sealed-bid second-price auction - A sealed-bid second-price auction allocates a single item to the highest bidder and, in its basic form, charges that winner the highest competing bid.
Seam carving - Seam carving is a content-aware image-resizing technique that removes or inserts connected paths of pixels called seams.
Search - Search in AI is the exploration of possible states, actions or candidate solutions to find an outcome satisfying a goal or selection criterion.
Search algorithm - A search algorithm is a specified procedure for examining alternatives to find a target, a solution or a preferred candidate.
Search as a service - Search as a service is a delivery model in which a provider operates search infrastructure and exposes its capabilities through a hosted service.