Spatial intelligence (artificial intelligence) - Spatial intelligence in artificial intelligence refers to capabilities for perceiving, representing, and reasoning about objects and environments in space.
Spatial pooling - Spatial pooling aggregates feature values over image locations, often replacing each local region with a maximum or average.
Spatial reasoning - Spatial reasoning is the process of drawing conclusions about positions, shapes, distances, directions, and relationships among objects or regions.
Spatial Regression - Spatial regression is a family of regression methods that explicitly represents geographical relationships, spatial dependence or spatial variation in the...
Spatial relation - A spatial relation describes how the positions or extents of two or more things relate in space.
Spatial statistics - Spatial statistics studies data whose locations, distances, neighborhoods, or connectivity matter to the analysis.
Spatial verification - Spatial verification checks whether proposed visual matches are consistent with a plausible geometric arrangement.
Spatiotemporal data - Spatiotemporal data describe phenomena with both a spatial component and a temporal component: where something occurs or is measured, and when.
Speaker diarization - Speaker diarization is the process of determining which speaker is active at which times in an audio recording.
Speaker diarization - Speaker diarization is the process of dividing an audio recording into time intervals and assigning speaker labels to those intervals.
Speaker identification - Speaker identification is the task of determining which person in a set of candidate speakers best matches a speech sample.
Speaker recognition - Speaker recognition is the use of information in speech to distinguish or recognize speakers.
Speaker verification - Speaker verification is the task of assessing whether a speech sample matches a particular nominated or claimed speaker.
Spearman rank correlation - Spearman rank correlation measures the strength and direction of a monotonic association between two variables using their ranks.
Special cause - A special cause is a source of process variation associated with a particular circumstance or change beyond the routine common-cause variation of the...
Specialization - In logical concept learning, specialization means changing a hypothesis so that it classifies a narrower set of possible examples as positive.
Specification error - Specification error occurs when a model's chosen structure inadequately represents the relationship or process it is intended to describe.
Specification limits - Specification limits are the numerical boundaries that define acceptable values for a specified characteristic of a product, service or process output.
Specificational coding - Specificational coding is an approach to creating software by writing and maintaining a human-language specification file that describes the required...
Spectral Analysis - Spectral analysis studies how a signal's variation is distributed across frequencies.
Spectral clustering - Spectral clustering groups items using the structure of a similarity graph.
Spectral decomposition - Spectral decomposition expresses a normal square matrix through an orthonormal basis of eigenvectors and their eigenvalues.
Spectral mixture kernel - A spectral mixture kernel is a covariance function built by modeling a stationary process's frequency spectrum with a mixture of Gaussian components.
Spectral modeling synthesis - Spectral modeling synthesis is a sound analysis and synthesis technique that represents a signal as time-varying sinusoidal components plus a noise-like...
Spectrogram - A spectrogram represents how a signal's frequency content changes over time.
Spectrum bias - Spectrum bias occurs when an evaluation's mix of cases does not adequately represent the range of cases relevant to its intended use, leading to a...
Specular-highlight removal - Specular-highlight removal estimates and suppresses the bright reflection component in an image of a surface, usually to produce an approximation of its...
Speculative decoding - Speculative decoding is an inference technique that accelerates autoregressive generation by proposing several tokens with a cheaper draft process and...
Speculative multithreading - Speculative multithreading is a parallel-execution technique that runs code ahead of its established sequential position on another thread while checking...
Speech act - A speech act is an action performed through an utterance, such as asking, informing, requesting, promising, or apologizing.
Speech analytics - Speech analytics is the use of computational methods to extract information and patterns from spoken interactions.
Speech coding - Speech coding represents a speech signal as digital information suitable for storage or transmission.
Speech corpus - A speech corpus is an organized collection of speech recordings assembled for research, development, or evaluation.
Speech segmentation - Speech segmentation is the identification of boundaries between units in spoken language, such as words, syllables, or speech sounds.
Speech synthesis - Speech synthesis is the artificial generation of speech audio by a computer or other system.
Speed prior - The Speed Prior is an algorithmic probability proposal introduced by Jürgen Schmidhuber that incorporates computational resources into a preference for...
Speedy search - Speedy search is a greedy best-first search strategy that prioritizes states by an estimate of the number of actions remaining to a goal.
Spell checker - A spell checker is a tool that detects possible spelling errors and may suggest corrections.
Spherical contact distribution function - The spherical contact distribution function describes how far a location in space is from the nearest part of a random spatial pattern.
Sphericity - Sphericity is a covariance condition used in the conventional univariate analysis of repeated measures.
Spike-and-slab distribution - A spike-and-slab distribution is a mixture with one component concentrated at or near zero and another spread over a broader range.
Spike-and-slab regression - Spike-and-slab regression is a Bayesian approach that uses a mixture prior for regression coefficients.
Spillover (experiment) - A spillover in an experiment occurs when a unit's outcome is affected by treatment assigned to another unit.
Spindling - Spindling is the placement of different files on different physical hard disks to distribute storage activity and reduce competition for the same device.
Spiral hashing - Spiral hashing, also called spiral storage, is a dynamic hashing method that expands a key-addressed data structure incrementally.
Spiral optimization algorithm - The spiral optimization algorithm is a multipoint search method for continuous optimization that moves candidate solutions through rotating, contracting...
SPL notation - SPL notation is a structured notation for sentence plans, associated with the Sentence Plan Language developed for the Penman natural-language generation...
Splat, blur, slice - Splat, blur, slice is a three-stage pattern for efficient filtering in a space of features.