Open-weight - Definition: Open-weight describes an AI model whose trained numerical parameters are made available for others to obtain and use with suitable software.
Open world classification - Open world classification recognizes examples from known categories, allows unfamiliar examples to remain unknown, and supports adding newly established...
Operation list - Definition: In string comparison, an operation list is an ordered description of edits that transform one sequence into another.
Operational analytical processing - Operational analytical processing uses data analysis to support decisions within ongoing operations.
Operational data store - An operational data store, or ODS, is a data store that integrates operational information to support a relatively current, detailed view of business activity.
Operational database - An operational database stores and manages information used to carry out an organization's ongoing activities.
Operational historian - An operational historian is a system for collecting, storing and retrieving time-stamped information from operational processes, especially industrial...
Operational reporting - Operational reporting presents information about day-to-day activities so that people can monitor work, identify exceptions and decide what needs attention.
Operational system - An operational system is an information system that supports an organization's ongoing business activities.
Operationality - Operationality is the suitability of a concept description for effective use by a particular performance system.
Operationalization - Operationalization is the process of translating a concept into observable measures or concrete procedures.
Operations research - Operations research is the use of mathematical models and analytical methods to support better decisions about complex systems.
Operator precedence - Definition: Operator precedence is the set of rules that determines how an expression is grouped when it contains different operators.
Opinion poll - An opinion poll is a survey designed to measure people's views, preferences, or intentions on specified questions.
Opportunistic reasoning - Opportunistic reasoning is a flexible approach to problem solving in which new information or intermediate results can change which useful reasoning step is...
Opportunity cost - Opportunity cost is the value of the best available alternative that is given up when a choice uses a scarce resource.
Opt-in - Opt-in is a choice mechanism in which a person actively agrees to participate in a specified activity or enable a specified use.
Opt-out - Opt-out is a mechanism through which a person declines, stops or excludes themselves from a specified activity or use.
Optical braille recognition - Optical braille recognition is the process of recognizing braille from an image and converting the recognized patterns into a digital representation.
Optical flow - Optical flow is the apparent movement of visual patterns across an image sequence, commonly represented by a two-dimensional vector at each estimated location.
Optical Multi-Tree with Shuffle Exchange - Optical Multi-Tree with Shuffle Exchange, usually abbreviated OMTSE, is a research interconnection architecture for parallel computers.
Optical neural network - An optical neural network performs some or all of its neural computation using light and optical components.
Optimal brain damage - Optimal Brain Damage is a neural-network pruning method that estimates how much a trained network's objective would increase if particular parameters were...
Optimal controllers - Optimal controllers select control actions that achieve the best value of a specified objective for a modeled system, subject to its constraints.
Optimal design - Optimal design is an approach to selecting experimental runs by optimizing a stated statistical criterion under a specified model and practical constraints.
Optimal experimental design - Optimal experimental design is the planning of measurements, treatment assignments, or experimental settings to optimize a defined measure of information or...
Optimal matching - Optimal matching, in sequence analysis, measures how different two ordered sequences are by finding the least costly set of insertions, deletions and...
Optimal policy - An optimal policy is a decision rule that achieves the best expected return allowed by a specified decision problem.
Optimal solution - An optimal solution is a feasible solution that achieves the best value of the objective defined for a problem.
Optimal transport - Optimal transport is a mathematical framework for finding the least costly way to redistribute one distribution of mass into another, according to a...
Optimality criterion - An optimality criterion is the rule used to decide which candidate model or solution counts as best.
Optimism under uncertainty - Optimism under uncertainty is an exploration principle that gives insufficiently understood actions the benefit of plausible favorable outcomes.
Optimistic initial action values - Optimistic initial action values are deliberately high starting estimates of the rewards or returns available from actions.
Optimistic knowledge gradient - Optimistic knowledge gradient is a sequential allocation policy that chooses the next observation using the most favorable possible immediate improvement in...
Optimization - Optimization is the process of choosing allowed values for decision variables to make a stated objective as good as possible.
Optimization method - An optimization method is an algorithm for finding an exact or approximate solution to a specified optimization problem.
Optimization problem - An optimization problem is a mathematical specification of decisions to be chosen, an objective to minimize or maximize, and the set of permitted choices.
Optimizer - An optimizer is the procedure that adjusts a model's parameters during training to reduce its errors, step by step, until the model fits the data as well as...
Optimizer's curse - The optimizer's curse is the tendency for an alternative selected because it has the highest noisy value estimate to perform worse, on average, than that...
OR-parallelism - OR-parallelism explores alternative solutions concurrently.
Orchestration - Orchestration is the coordination of automated tasks, systems and dependencies so they run in the right order, with the right data, and recover properly...
Order effect - An order effect is a change in responses or performance attributable to the sequence in which conditions, tasks, questions, or treatments are presented.
Order of accuracy - Order of accuracy describes how quickly a numerical method's approximation error decreases as its step size or grid spacing becomes smaller.
Order of integration - The order of integration describes how many ordinary differences are needed to remove a time series' stochastic trend and obtain an integrated-of-order-zero...
Order selection criteria - Order selection criteria are rules for choosing a model's structural complexity, such as how many autoregressive or moving-average terms a time-series model...
Order statistic - An order statistic is an observation identified by its position after a sample is sorted from smallest to largest.