n-best list - An n-best list is a ranked collection of up to n candidate outputs retained by a system, such as alternative speech transcripts or translations.
N-gram - An N-gram is a sequence of N consecutive items from text, usually words: 'the cat' is a bigram, 'the cat sat' a trigram, and counting such sequences is the...
n-gram model - An n-gram model estimates the probability of the next token using only the preceding n-1 tokens.
N-jet - An N-jet is the collection of a function's derivatives at a point up to a specified order N.
N-of-1 trial - An N-of-1 trial compares interventions within one individual across repeated periods.
N-pairs loss - N-pairs loss is a family of training objectives and batch constructions for learning similarity-based representations.
N-step Q(sigma) - N-step Q(sigma) is a family of multi-step action-value learning algorithms that mixes sampled action backups with expectations over actions.
n-step return - An n-step return is a reinforcement-learning target that combines the next n observed rewards with an estimated continuation value at the end of that horizon.
N-step tree backup - N-step tree backup is a multi-step action-value learning method that combines an observed trajectory with expected values for actions not taken.
Naimi - Trehel algorithm - The Naimi - Trehel algorithm is a distributed mutual-exclusion algorithm that uses a unique token and a changing logical tree to coordinate access to a...
Naive Bayes classifier - A naive Bayes classifier predicts a class by combining its prior probability with feature evidence under a simplifying assumption: features are mutually...
Naive semantics - Naive semantics is an approach to lexical meaning that associates word senses with everyday conceptual knowledge about the objects or events they describe.
Naka - Rushton curve - The Naka - Rushton curve is a saturating response function used to describe how a response grows with stimulus intensity and approaches a maximum.
Name - value pair - A name - value pair associates a label with a value. The name identifies what the information refers to, and the value supplies the corresponding content.
Named entity recognition - Named entity recognition, or NER, identifies spans of text that belong to specified entity categories and assigns a type to each span.
Named graph - A named graph is an RDF graph associated with a graph name inside an RDF dataset.
NAND operator - The NAND operator means NOT AND. For two Boolean inputs A and B, it returns false only when both inputs are true; otherwise it returns true.
Nasal sound - A nasal sound is a speech sound produced with airflow through the nasal cavity because the velum, or soft palate, is lowered.
Natarajan dimension - Natarajan dimension measures the capacity of a multiclass hypothesis class.
Native cloud application - A native cloud application, more commonly called a cloud-native application, is designed and operated to make effective use of cloud environments and their...
Native-language identification - Native-language identification is the task of estimating a writer's or speaker's first-language background from language they produce, often in a second...
Nats - Nats are units of information obtained when information-theoretic quantities use natural logarithms, whose base is e.
Natural evolution strategy - A natural evolution strategy is a member of a family of optimization methods that improve a parameterized search distribution using a natural gradient.
Natural image statistics - Natural image statistics are measurable regularities in images of real-world scenes.
Natural Join - A natural join combines rows from two relations by matching the values of all attributes whose names occur in both inputs, retaining one copy of each shared...
Natural key - A natural key identifies a database record using attributes that already have meaning in the business domain.
Natural language - A natural language is a human language that develops through use within a community, such as Arabic, English, or American Sign Language.
Natural language generation - Natural language generation, or NLG, is the production of human-language text by a computer system.
Natural language processing - Natural language processing is the field of getting computers to work usefully with human language: reading, classifying, translating, summarizing and...
Natural language programming - Natural language programming is the use of human-language descriptions to specify computational behavior that a system turns into an executable program or...
Natural language understanding - Natural language understanding is the branch of NLP concerned with machine comprehension: turning what people write or say into structured meaning a system...
Natural-language user interface - A natural-language user interface lets people interact with software using human-language expressions, such as typed questions or spoken requests.
Natural neighbor interpolation - Natural neighbor interpolation estimates values between scattered sample locations using weights derived from their spatial arrangement.
Natural sort order - Natural sort order is an approach to ordering mixed text and numbers so that digit sequences are typically compared by their numerical values.
Navigational database - A navigational database is a database accessed by following defined paths between related records.
Nearest Centroid Classifier - Nearest Centroid Classifier is one of the simplest classifiers that exists: compute the average example of each class, the centroid, and assign any new item...
Nearest neighbor - Nearest neighbor methods classify or predict an item by finding the most similar examples in the training data and borrowing their answers: the majority...
Nearest-neighbor density estimation - Nearest-neighbor density estimation estimates how crowded a region of data is from the distances to nearby points: where neighbors are close, the density is...
Nearest-neighbor field (NNF) - A nearest-neighbor field, or NNF, maps each location in one image to a location whose patch is most similar in another image or search region, according to...
Nearest-neighbor filter - A nearest-neighbor filter is a data-cleaning rule that removes or corrects points whose nearest neighbors disagree with them: a labeled example surrounded...
Nearest neighbor search - Nearest neighbor search finds the stored item or items closest to a query according to a specified distance or similarity measure.
Nearest Neighbors Regression - Nearest neighbors regression predicts a numerical outcome by combining outcomes from similar training observations.
Nearest Shrunken Centroid - Nearest shrunken centroid is a classification method that moves class-average feature values toward the overall average before assigning a new example to a...
Necessary condition analysis - Necessary condition analysis, or NCA, is an approach for investigating whether a condition constrains the level of an outcome: without enough of the...
Negafibonacci coding - Negafibonacci coding represents nonzero signed integers using Fibonacci numbers with negative indices, then turns that representation into a self-delimiting...
Negation - Negation is the logical operation that states that a proposition is not true.
Negative class - The negative class is one of the two classes in a binary classification task, defined as the counterpart of the positive class.
Negative-free representation learning - Negative-free representation learning learns useful features without explicitly treating other examples as negative pairs that must be pushed apart.