Model training - Model training is the process of fitting a machine-learning model to data or experience according to a specified learning objective.
Model validation - Model validation is the process of examining evidence that a model is suitable for its intended purpose under specified conditions.
Moderated mediation - Moderated mediation describes a model in which an indirect relationship between a predictor and an outcome through a mediator varies with the value of...
Moderation (statistics) - Moderation in statistics occurs when the relationship between a predictor and an outcome depends on another variable, called a moderator.
Modern Hopfield network - A modern Hopfield network is an associative-memory model that extends classical Hopfield ideas through different energy functions and retrieval dynamics.
Modes of variation - Modes of variation describe systematic ways observations differ around an average pattern.
Modification Anomaly - A modification anomaly, commonly called an update anomaly, occurs when changing a fact requires changing several stored occurrences and those occurrences...
Modified discrete cosine transform - The modified discrete cosine transform, or MDCT, is a lapped time-frequency transform used in audio coding.
Modified Huffman coding - Modified Huffman coding, or MH, is a one-dimensional lossless run-length coding method associated with bilevel facsimile images.
Modified Kumaraswamy distribution - The modified Kumaraswamy distribution is a continuous probability distribution for values strictly between zero and one.
Modified policy iteration - Modified policy iteration is a dynamic-programming method that alternates greedy policy improvement with partial policy evaluation.
Modular Language Model - A modular language model is a language-model design organized around distinct components that can be selected, combined, adapted, or replaced through a...
Modularity-based communities - Modularity-based communities are groups of graph nodes identified by seeking a partition with a high modularity score.
Modulo-N code - Modulo-N coding represents a value by its remainder after division by N and uses correlated information at the decoder to help recover the intended value.
Modus ponens - Modus ponens is a rule of logical inference: from “if P, then Q” and “P,” infer “Q. It is a truth-preserving pattern of deduction in classical logic.
Moiré - Moiré is a larger-scale pattern that appears when fine repeating patterns interact, including when scene detail is sampled by a camera or display grid.
Moment generating function - A moment generating function, or MGF, represents a random variable X through the function M_X(t)=E[exp(tX)], wherever this expectation is finite.
Momentum - Momentum is a training technique that lets an optimizer keep moving in its recent direction: each update blends the new gradient with a running average of...
Monitoring as a service - Monitoring as a service is the delivery of monitoring capabilities through a managed service, commonly hosted in the cloud.
Monocular depth - Monocular depth is an estimate of scene distance obtained from a single camera view.
Monoidal t-norm logic - Monoidal t-norm logic, usually abbreviated MTL, is a formal system of mathematical fuzzy logic associated with all left-continuous triangular norms and...
Monolithic Machine Learning Pipeline - A monolithic machine learning pipeline is one built as a single welded unit: ingestion, cleaning, features, training and serving inside one program, so any...
Monotone likelihood ratio - A monotone likelihood ratio is a property of a statistical family in which the likelihood ratio comparing a larger parameter value with a smaller one...
Monotone spline - A monotone spline is a piecewise polynomial curve constructed to preserve a specified nondecreasing or nonincreasing relationship.
Monotonic preference - A monotonic preference is a preference that moves consistently in a specified direction as an attribute increases, with other relevant conditions held fixed.
Monotonic relationship - A monotonic relationship moves in one direction over a specified range: as one variable increases, the related function or trend does not reverse direction.
Monotonicity - In logical reasoning, monotonicity is the property that adding premises cannot remove conclusions already entailed by the original premises.
Monte Carlo - Monte Carlo refers to a family of computational methods that use random sampling to estimate quantities or study the behavior of a model.
Monte Carlo dropout - Monte Carlo dropout estimates predictions and model uncertainty by running a dropout-trained neural network repeatedly with dropout active at prediction time.
Monte Carlo expectation maximization - Monte Carlo expectation maximization, or MCEM, replaces an analytically difficult expectation in the EM algorithm with an estimate obtained through simulation.
Monte Carlo integration - Monte Carlo integration estimates an integral or average by random sampling: draw points at random, evaluate the quantity at each, and let the sample...
Monte Carlo localization - Monte Carlo localization is a robot localization method that represents uncertainty about pose using a set of weighted samples called particles.
Monte Carlo planning - Monte Carlo planning uses sampled possible futures to help choose actions.
Monte Carlo sampling - Monte Carlo sampling uses random draws from specified probability distributions to explore a system or estimate a numerical quantity.
Monte Carlo simulation - Monte Carlo simulation uses repeated random sampling to explore the behavior of a model or estimate a quantity that is difficult to calculate directly.
Monte Carlo tree search - Monte Carlo tree search, or MCTS, is a search method that grows a decision tree through repeated sampled simulations and uses their results to guide further...
Moral graph - A moral graph is an undirected graph constructed from a directed acyclic graph by connecting every pair of nodes that share a child and then removing arrow...
Moral outsourcing - Moral outsourcing is the shifting of responsibility for ethical judgment or harmful consequences onto an external person, organization or system.
Morpheme - A morpheme is a minimal unit of linguistic meaning or grammatical function.
Morphogenetic robotics - Morphogenetic robotics uses ideas from biological morphogenesis - the processes that generate an organism's form - to design robot structures, controllers...
Morphological dictionary - A morphological dictionary is a lexical resource that connects word forms with morphological analyses, such as a lemma and grammatical features.
Morphological gradient - A morphological gradient is an image operation that highlights local intensity transitions by subtracting an eroded image from a dilated image.
Morphological image processing - Morphological image processing is a family of operations that analyzes or changes image structures using a small reference shape called a structuring element.
Morphological pattern - A morphological pattern is a recurring way in which word forms are built or related.
Morphological typology - Morphological typology compares languages and constructions according to how words are structured and how grammatical information is expressed.
Morphology - Morphology is the study of word structure and the systematic relationships between word forms.
Mosaic effect - The mosaic effect occurs when combining separate pieces of information reveals something that the pieces did not clearly reveal on their own.
Most general unifier - A most general unifier, or MGU, is a substitution that makes two symbolic expressions identical while imposing no unnecessary restrictions on their variables.