Mantel test - A Mantel test assesses association between two matrices of pairwise distances or dissimilarities measured on the same set of objects.
Many-task computing - Many-task computing, or MTC, is an approach to completing a large computational workload through many separately scheduled tasks, including tasks that...
Many-to-many (data model) - A many-to-many relationship is a data-model relationship in which one instance of either entity can be associated with multiple instances of the other.
Marchenko - Pastur distribution - The Marchenko - Pastur distribution describes the limiting distribution of eigenvalues of certain large sample covariance matrices when the number of...
Marching cubes - Marching cubes is a method for extracting a triangle mesh representing an isosurface from a three-dimensional scalar grid.
Margin - In classification, a margin measures how far an example lies from a decision boundary, usually with a sign indicating whether it is on the correct side.
Margin classifier - A margin classifier is a classifier whose predictions or training objective use a margin separating the correct class from a decision boundary or competing...
Margin-infused relaxed algorithm - The margin-infused relaxed algorithm, or MIRA, is an online learning algorithm introduced by Crammer and Singer for classification.
Marginal distribution - A marginal distribution is the probability distribution of one variable, or a selected subset of variables, obtained from a joint distribution by accounting...
Marginal probability - A marginal probability is the probability of an event or variable value without restricting other variables in a joint probability model to particular values.
Marginal structural model - A marginal structural model is a model for features of the distribution of potential outcomes under specified interventions or treatment histories.
Marginal totals - Marginal totals are the sums for the categories of one variable after adding across the categories of another variable in a table.
Marginalization - Marginalization is the process of obtaining the probability distribution of selected variables from a joint distribution by summing or integrating over the...
Markerless motion capture - Markerless motion capture estimates how a subject moves without requiring attached tracking markers.
Market basket analysis - Market basket analysis examines transaction data to identify items or item groups that occur together.
Markov assumption - The Markov assumption says that the chosen present state contains the information from the past needed to predict the next state.
Markov blanket - A Markov blanket is a set of variables that makes a target variable conditionally independent of the remaining variables when the blanket's values are known.
Markov Chain - A Markov chain is a sequence of random states in which the conditional distribution of the next state depends on the past only through the current state.
Markov chain Monte Carlo - Markov chain Monte Carlo, or MCMC, is a family of methods for estimating quantities from a probability distribution by generating a dependent sequence of...
Markov decision process - A Markov decision process is the standard mathematical frame for sequential decisions under uncertainty: states, actions, transition probabilities and...
Markov localization - Markov localization is a probabilistic method for estimating a robot's pose by maintaining and updating a belief distribution over possible poses.
Markov logic network - A Markov logic network, or MLN, combines first-order logical formulas with numerical weights to define a probabilistic model over relationships and attributes.
Markov network - A Markov network is a probabilistic graphical model that uses an undirected graph to represent relationships among variables.
Markov property - The Markov property is the assumption that the future depends only on the present state, not on the path taken to reach it: once you know where things...
Markov random field - A Markov random field, or MRF, is an undirected probabilistic graphical model that represents conditional-dependence structure among variables.
Markov reward process - A Markov reward process, or MRP, is a Markov state-transition model equipped with rewards.
Martingale (probability theory) - A martingale is a stochastic process whose next value has conditional expectation equal to its current value, given the information available so far.
Masked autoregressive flow - A masked autoregressive flow, or MAF, is a normalizing-flow model that uses masked neural networks to transform observed data into a simpler base distribution.
Masked language model - A masked language model is a language model trained to predict selected hidden or corrupted tokens using the surrounding text.
Masked language modeling - Masked language modeling is a self-supervised training task in which selected tokens in a text are hidden or altered and a model learns to predict their...
Masking - Masking, in comparative-study design, means keeping specified people unaware of which intervention, condition, or treatment a participant receives.
Mass nouns - Mass nouns are nouns used grammatically without presenting their referents as directly counted individual units.
Massively parallel - Massively parallel describes computing that uses a very large number of processing elements to work on parts of a problem concurrently.
Master-checker - Master-checker is a redundant processor arrangement in which a primary processor performs a computation while a checker performs the corresponding...
Master data - Master data describes the core entities that an organization repeatedly refers to, such as customers, products, suppliers and locations.
Master sample - A master sample is a sample selected for use on multiple future survey occasions, rather than drawing a completely new sample independently for every inquiry.
Match rating approach - The Match rating approach (MRA) is a rule-based method for comparing names through compact phonetic encodings and a rating procedure.
Matched filter - A matched filter is a linear filter designed around a known signal pattern so that the pattern produces a strong response when present in noisy data.
Matched samples - Matched samples are samples whose observations have a meaningful correspondence across conditions or groups.
Matched-samples t test - A matched-samples t test, also called a paired t test, tests a hypothesis about the population mean of differences between paired numerical observations.
Matching network - A matching network is a few-shot classification model that predicts a query's label by attending to labeled examples in a support set.
Matching pursuit - Matching pursuit is a greedy algorithm that approximates a signal or vector by repeatedly selecting a dictionary element that closely matches the current...
Materialized view - A materialized view stores the result of a defining query so that subsequent reads can use the precomputed data.
Matrix - A matrix is a rectangular array of entries arranged in rows and columns. A matrix with m rows and n columns has shape m-by-n.
Matrix calculus - Matrix calculus is the study of derivatives of functions whose inputs or outputs are vectors and matrices.
Matrix chain multiplication - Matrix chain multiplication is the problem of choosing how to place parentheses in an ordered product of compatible matrices so that evaluating the product...
Matrix Chernoff bound - A matrix Chernoff bound is a probability inequality controlling extreme eigenvalues of a sum of independent, bounded, positive-semidefinite random matrices.
Matrix difference equation - A matrix difference equation describes how a vector or matrix changes from one discrete step to the next using matrix operations.