Interval algebra - Interval algebra, in temporal reasoning, is a formal system for describing and combining relationships between time intervals.
Interval estimate - An interval estimate is a range used to express uncertainty about an unknown parameter, such as a population mean or a difference between groups.
Interval predictor model - An interval predictor model, or IPM, maps an input to an interval of predicted outputs rather than a single number.
Interval scale - An interval scale is a measurement scale on which equal numerical differences represent equal differences in the measured attribute.
Interval tree - An interval tree is a data structure for storing ranges and efficiently finding ranges that overlap a query interval or contain a query point.
Intervenability - Intervenability is the practical ability to step into an AI-supported process and change its course when needed.
Interview survey - An interview survey collects answers through verbal interaction with an interviewer, who records the responses.
Interviewer bias - Interviewer bias is systematic distortion in survey responses or recorded information caused by the interviewer's actions.
Interviewer error - Interviewer error is a source of survey measurement error arising when an interviewer's behavior changes the respondent's answer.
Intonation phrases - Intonation phrases are stretches of speech grouped together by prosodic organization, such as a coherent pitch pattern and cues to a boundary.
Intra-Relational Constraint - An intra-relational constraint is an integrity rule whose scope is one relation or table.
Intrinsic curiosity module - An intrinsic curiosity module, or ICM, is a reinforcement-learning component that generates an internal reward from errors in predicting the consequences of...
Intrinsic evaluation - Intrinsic evaluation assesses a model or component directly against criteria for its own task, rather than measuring its contribution to a larger application.
Intrinsic-image decomposition - Intrinsic-image decomposition estimates separate components of an image that describe properties such as surface reflectance and shading.
Invariant risk minimization - Invariant risk minimization (IRM) is a learning principle that seeks a representation on which the same predictor is optimal across multiple training...
Inverse autoregressive flow - An inverse autoregressive flow (IAF) is an invertible transformation used to turn a simple probability distribution into a more flexible one.
Inverse depth parametrization - Inverse depth parametrization represents a visual feature using the reciprocal of its depth, together with information describing its viewing ray and...
Inverse Dirichlet distribution - The inverse Dirichlet distribution, in the matrix-variate sense used here, is obtained by inverting each matrix in a type-I matrix Dirichlet collection.
Inverse entailment - Inverse entailment is a principle used in inductive logic programming to help find a hypothesis that, together with background knowledge, entails observed...
Inverse filtering - Inverse filtering attempts to undo a known filtering operation by applying its mathematical inverse.
Inverse-gamma distribution - The inverse-gamma distribution is a continuous probability distribution over positive numbers.
Inverse kinematics - Inverse kinematics is the calculation of joint values that place a robot's end effector, or the end of an articulated animation chain, at a desired position...
Inverse mapping - In image warping, inverse mapping determines which source coordinate supplies the value for each output coordinate.
Inverse matrix - An inverse matrix reverses the linear transformation represented by an invertible square matrix.
Inverse odds of sampling weighting - Inverse odds of sampling weighting is a method for reweighting study participants so that their measured characteristics better represent a specified target...
Inverse probability of censoring weighting - Inverse probability of censoring weighting, or IPCW, adjusts an analysis for incomplete follow-up by giving observed contributions weight according to the...
Inverse probability of treatment weighting - Inverse probability of treatment weighting, or IPTW, weights observations by the inverse probability of receiving their observed treatment, conditional on...
Inverse problem - An inverse problem estimates unknown causes, parameters or underlying objects from observed effects.
Inverse reinforcement learning - Inverse reinforcement learning is the task of inferring a reward or cost function from observed behavior in a sequential decision-making setting.
Inverse sampling - Inverse sampling is a sampling design in which observations continue until a specified condition based on the observed results is met.
Inverse transform sampling - Inverse transform sampling generates a random value by applying a distribution's quantile function to a uniform random number.
Inverse-variance weighting - Inverse-variance weighting combines estimates by assigning larger weights to those with smaller variances.
Inverse-Wishart distribution - The inverse-Wishart distribution is a probability distribution over real symmetric positive-definite matrices.
Inverted Dirichlet distribution - The inverted Dirichlet distribution is a multivariate probability distribution over positive quantities.
Inverted index - An inverted index is a search data structure that maps terms to the documents or records in which they occur.
IPA - IPA, the International Phonetic Alphabet, is a system of symbols and marks for representing speech sounds.
Iris recognition - Iris recognition is a biometric technique that compares patterns in the iris, the textured region surrounding the pupil, to support identity verification or...
Irregular component of a time series - The irregular component of a time series is the remainder after estimated trend-cycle, seasonal, and relevant calendar effects have been removed.
Irregular effect - An irregular effect is a movement in a time series occurring at a particular time that is not part of a seasonal or cyclical pattern.
Ishikawa diagram - An Ishikawa diagram, also called a fishbone or cause-and-effect diagram, organizes possible causes of a clearly stated problem into categories.
Ising model - The Ising model is a probability model for interacting binary variables, traditionally represented as spins taking values −1 or +1.
Isolates - Isolates are graph nodes with no incident edges: their degree is zero. In a directed graph, an isolate has neither incoming nor outgoing edges.
Isolation (database systems) - Isolation is the database-transaction property that governs how concurrent transactions can observe and affect one another.
Isophote - An isophote in a scalar image is a curve along which intensity has a constant value. It is an image level line, analogous to an equal-height contour on a map.
Isotonic regression - Isotonic regression fits values subject to an ordering constraint, usually requiring fitted responses not to decrease as an input increases.
Isotropic position - Isotropic position describes a normalization in which a vector distribution has equal second-moment spread in every direction.
Isotropic scaling - Isotropic scaling, also called uniform scaling, changes an object's size by the same factor in every spatial direction.