Geometric data analysis - Geometric data analysis is an approach to multivariate statistics that represents data as weighted clouds of points and studies their geometry to understand...
Geometric median - The geometric median of a collection of points is a point that minimizes the sum of Euclidean distances to them.
Geometric model - A geometric model is a mathematical or digital representation of an object's shape, size and spatial structure.
Geomteric mean - The geometric mean is an average obtained by multiplying positive values and taking the root corresponding to the number of values.
Georelational data model - A georelational data model represents geographic features by linking spatial information with descriptive attributes.
Geospatial analytics - Geospatial analytics is the analysis of data that have a geographic location or spatial relationship.
Geospatial metadata - Geospatial metadata is information that describes a geographic dataset or resource.
German tank problem - The German tank problem is a statistical estimation problem in which an unknown population size is inferred from a sample of consecutive serial numbers.
Gestalt pattern matching - Gestalt pattern matching, also called Ratcliff/Obershelp pattern recognition, is a string-similarity approach that finds matching contiguous blocks and...
Gibbs kernel - The Gibbs kernel is a Gaussian-process covariance function that allows the characteristic length scale to vary with the input location.
Gibbs sampling - Gibbs sampling is a Markov chain Monte Carlo method for drawing approximate samples from a joint probability distribution by repeatedly sampling variables...
Gini impurity - Gini impurity measures how mixed the class labels are within a group of observations, commonly a node in a classification tree.
Gini's mean difference - Gini’s mean difference is a measure of dispersion defined as the average absolute difference between pairs of observations.
Gittins index - The Gittins index is a priority value for an individual option, or arm, in a classical discounted multi-armed bandit problem.
Given-new - Given-new describes a distinction in how information is presented in discourse.
Glejser test - The Glejser test is a regression diagnostic that investigates heteroscedasticity by relating the absolute residuals from a fitted model to selected...
GLIE - GLIE stands for greedy in the limit with infinite exploration.
Glitch token - A Glitch token is a token associated with unusually unreliable or anomalous behavior in a language model, such as difficulty reproducing its text or...
Global calibration - Global calibration, in the computer-experiment sense used by the NIST engineering-statistics glossary, means developing a function that transforms a...
Global constraint - A global constraint is a constraint that expresses a structured relationship over a collection of variables, often with a specialized method for propagating...
Global costmap - A global costmap is a spatial cost representation used to support planning a route across an operating area.
Global file system - A global file system presents a shared file namespace that users or applications can access from multiple locations, often across a wide-area network.
Global maximum - A global maximum is the greatest value that an objective function actually attains anywhere in its specified feasible set.
Global minimum - A global minimum is the smallest value an objective function actually reaches over its entire feasible set. A point that reaches it is a global minimizer.
Global optimization - Global optimization seeks the best objective value over the entire allowed set of choices.
Global serializability - Global serializability is the property that transactions spanning several databases or resources have an overall effect equivalent to some serial execution...
Glottal - Glottal means relating to the glottis, the opening between the vocal folds in the larynx.
Glottal stop - A glottal stop is a speech sound produced by a closure at the glottis, where the vocal folds come together and interrupt airflow.
Glyph - A glyph is a visual form used to represent written text or symbols.
Goal - A goal is a desired condition that an AI agent is intended to achieve or establish.
Goal clauses - Goal clauses are clauses with no positive literals, used in Horn-clause logic and resolution-based reasoning to represent goals to be proved by refutation.
Goal-directed reasoning - Goal-directed reasoning organizes inference around a particular question or target conclusion.
Goal formulation - Goal formulation is the process of deciding what an agent should try to achieve and expressing that outcome clearly enough to guide reasoning.
Goal monitoring - Goal monitoring is the process of checking whether the goals an agent is currently pursuing remain the most appropriate goals to pursue.
Goal test - A goal test is a procedure that determines whether a candidate state satisfies the goal of a search or planning problem.
Gödel machine - A Gödel machine is a theoretical self-improving problem solver that changes its own software only after finding a proof that the change is useful under its...
Gold labels - Gold labels are the reference annotations treated as the accepted answers for a defined machine-learning task or evaluation.
Gold standard - A gold standard is an accepted reference used to judge the correctness or quality of another result.
Golden record (informatics) - A golden record is a governed, consolidated representation of an entity that an organization treats as an authoritative reference for a defined purpose.
Golden response - A golden response is a carefully selected reference answer used to represent an expected or high-quality response to a particular input.
Golden-section search - Golden-section search is a derivative-free method for locating a minimum of a unimodal function on an interval.
Goldfeld - Quandt test - The Goldfeld - Quandt test is a test for heteroscedasticity that compares residual variance estimates from two separately fitted regression subsamples.
Golomb coding - Golomb coding is a family of lossless variable-length codes for nonnegative integers.
Gomory-Hu Tree - A Gomory-Hu tree is a weighted tree that compactly represents the minimum cut values between every pair of vertices in an undirected capacitated graph.
Gompertz distribution - The Gompertz distribution is a continuous distribution for nonnegative event times whose hazard changes exponentially with time.
Goodman and Kruskal's gamma - Goodman and Kruskal's gamma is a measure of ordinal association based on concordant and discordant pairs of observations.
Goodness-of-fit - Goodness of fit describes how well a statistical model agrees with the data being examined.