Conditional plan - A conditional plan specifies an action and alternative continuations chosen according to information obtained during execution.
Conditional probability - Conditional probability is the probability of an event or statement given specified information.
Conditional probability distribution - A conditional probability distribution specifies the probabilities of possible outcomes after particular information is given.
Conditional probability table - A conditional probability table, or CPT, is a tabular representation of a discrete variable's probability distribution for each specified combination of...
Conditional random field - A conditional random field, or CRF, is a probabilistic model for predicting related output variables given observed inputs.
Conditioning - Conditioning is the operation of evaluating a probability distribution given specified information.
Conditioning case - A conditioning case is one combination of values assigned to a Bayesian-network node's parents.
Confabulation (neural networks) - Confabulation in neural-network discussions can refer to generated patterns that resemble learned material but are not faithful reconstructions of a...
Confidence interval - A confidence interval is a range calculated from data by a procedure designed to cover an unknown population quantity at a stated rate over repeated...
Confidence values - Confidence values are scores that an AI or statistical system attaches to predictions, extracted information, or other outputs to express estimated...
Configuration - Configuration is the set of choices and settings that control how an AI system runs, from model options and thresholds to file paths, limits and...
Configuration space - Configuration space is the set of possible configurations of a robot or mechanical system.
Confirmation bias - Confirmation bias is a tendency to seek, interpret, favor or remember information in ways that support an existing belief or hypothesis.
Conflict-directed backjumping - Conflict-directed backjumping is a constraint-search method that uses explanations of failure to choose where to backtrack.
Conflict set - A conflict set records earlier assignments implicated in a failure during constraint-satisfaction search.
Conformal prediction - Conformal prediction is a framework for constructing prediction sets or intervals with finite-sample coverage guarantees under specified conditions...
Conformalized quantile regression - Conformalized quantile regression, or CQR, combines estimated lower and upper conditional quantiles with a conformal calibration step to produce prediction...
Confounded - Variables or effects are confounded when their contributions cannot be distinguished adequately in the comparison or design being used.
Confounder - A confounder is a variable that, in the relevant causal structure, helps create a noncausal association between an exposure or intervention and an outcome.
Confounding - Confounding is a source of bias that can distort the interpretation of an observed association as a causal effect.
Confusion matrix - A confusion matrix is a table that lays a classifier's predictions against the true classes, showing not just how often it is right but exactly which...
Conjoint analysis - Conjoint analysis is a family of methods for studying how people evaluate alternatives described by several attributes.
Conjugate gradient - Conjugate gradient is an iterative method for solving a linear system Ax = b when A is symmetric positive definite in the real-valued setting.
Conjugate prior - A conjugate prior is a prior probability distribution whose posterior stays within the same distribution family after updating with a specified likelihood.
Conjugate transpose - The conjugate transpose of a matrix is obtained by exchanging its rows and columns and taking the complex conjugate of every entry.
Conjunct ordering - Conjunct ordering is the choice of the sequence in which a reasoning or query system evaluates conditions joined by logical AND.
Conjunction - Conjunction is the logical operation AND. A conjunction is true exactly when every component statement, called a conjunct, is true.
Conjunctive normal form - Conjunctive normal form, or CNF, is a way of writing a logical formula as an AND of clauses, where each clause is an OR of literals.
Connected-component labeling - Connected-component labeling assigns a distinct label to each connected group of foreground pixels in an image.
Connection string - A connection string is a structured text value that tells a software component how to connect to a data source or service.
Connectionist expert system - A connectionist expert system uses a neural-style network to represent and apply knowledge for a specialized task.
Connectionist temporal classification - Connectionist temporal classification, or CTC, is a training method for sequence models that learn from unaligned data, where the input and output sequences...
Connotation frame - A connotation frame is a structured representation of the attitudes and other implications a predicate can convey about its participants.
Connotations - Connotations are the associations, evaluations or emotional overtones carried by a word or expression beyond its basic descriptive meaning.
Consensus based optimization - Consensus based optimization is a derivative-free population method that moves candidate solutions toward an objective-weighted consensus location while...
Consensus clustering - Consensus clustering combines information from several clustering results to identify patterns of agreement.
Consensus dynamics - Consensus dynamics studies how interacting agents change their states over time to reach agreement on a quantity.
Consent - Consent is a person's agreement to a specified activity or use of information, given under conditions that make the agreement meaningful.
Conservative approximation - A conservative approximation simplifies a representation while preserving a direction of correctness.
Conservative policy iteration - Conservative policy iteration is a reinforcement-learning approach that improves a policy by mixing it with a candidate improvement instead of replacing it...
Conservative Q-learning - Conservative Q-learning (CQL) is an offline reinforcement-learning framework that discourages inflated action-value estimates when learning from a fixed...
Conservative vector field - A conservative vector field is a vector field that can be expressed as the gradient of a scalar potential on its domain.
Consistency - Consistency means satisfying the compatibility requirements of a specified formal setting.
Consistency regularization - Consistency regularization is a training principle for semi-supervised learning: a model's prediction for an example should stay the same when that example...
Consistent estimator - A consistent estimator is an estimation rule whose output converges in probability to the quantity being estimated as the sample size grows, under stated...
Consonant - A consonant is a speech sound typically produced with a narrowing or closure somewhere in the vocal tract.
Constant bitrate - Constant bitrate, or CBR, is a coding or delivery mode designed to maintain a specified bit consumption or output rate over the relevant interval and buffer...
Constative speech act - A constative speech act presents something as being the case, committing the speaker to a proposition in the relevant conversational sense.