Cold languages - Cold languages is a metaphorical label used in some linguistic discussions for languages with relatively sparse explicit reference, where listeners often...
Cold start (recommender systems) - Cold start in recommender systems is the difficulty of making useful recommendations when there is little or no relevant interaction history.
Collaborative filtering - Collaborative filtering is a recommendation approach that learns from patterns of interaction between users and items.
Collapsed Gibbs sampling - Collapsed Gibbs sampling is a Markov chain Monte Carlo method that integrates some unknown variables out of a probability model, then repeatedly samples the...
Collective operation - A collective operation is a communication operation involving a defined group of processes in a parallel program.
Collider - A collider is a variable on a causal path where two arrowheads meet, as in X→Z←Y.
Collinearity - Collinearity is a linear dependence or near-dependence among predictor variables.
Collocation (remote sensing) - Collocation in remote sensing is the matching of observations from different sources so that they can be compared as measurements of sufficiently...
Cologne phonetics - Cologne phonetics, also called Kölner Phonetik, is a phonetic coding method designed for German-language text.
Color difference (R−G, B−G) - Color difference signals R−G and B−G represent the red and blue channel values relative to the green channel at the same image location.
Color filter array (CFA) - A color filter array, or CFA, is a spatial pattern of tiny optical filters associated with an image sensor's photosites.
Color fringing - Color fringing is an unwanted colored border or halo around an image feature, often most visible at a high-contrast edge.
Color gamut - A color gamut is the range of colors that a device, medium or defined color representation can reproduce or represent under specified conditions.
Color grading - Color grading is the deliberate adjustment of an image's color and tonal appearance to support a consistent visual style, mood or storytelling purpose.
Color histogram - A color histogram summarizes how frequently different colors, or ranges of color values, occur in an image or selected region.
Color layout descriptor - A color layout descriptor is a compact representation of where broad colors occur within an image.
Color models - Color models are mathematical ways of describing color through components or coordinates.
Color quantization - Color quantization reduces the set of colors used to represent an image, typically by mapping original colors to a smaller palette.
Color space - A color space is a defined system for representing colors with numerical coordinates and an interpretation of those coordinates.
Color transfer - Color transfer changes an image's color appearance using another image or a reference color distribution as guidance.
Color2Gray - Color2Gray is a color-to-grayscale method designed to preserve visually important distinctions that can disappear when an image's color information is removed.
Coloring - Coloring, in the graph-theory sense used here, assigns labels called colors to graph vertices so that adjacent vertices receive different labels.
Colorization (scribble-based) - Scribble-based colorization adds color to a grayscale image using sparse color marks supplied by a person.
Column - A column is a named vertical part of a table that holds values for a particular attribute or field across its rows.
Column space - The column space of a matrix is the set of all linear combinations of its columns.
Combinations - Combinations are selections in which order does not matter.
Combinatorial data analysis - Combinatorial data analysis studies data through discrete arrangements of objects, such as groupings, orderings, or hierarchies.
Combinatorial explosion - Combinatorial explosion is the rapid growth in the number of possible combinations, arrangements or decision sequences as a problem becomes larger.
Combinatorial search - Combinatorial search explores combinations of discrete choices to find a solution satisfying constraints or optimizing an objective.
Combinatorics - Combinatorics is the branch of mathematics concerned with discrete structures, including how to count, arrange and select objects and how to establish that...
Combs method - The Combs method is an approach to organizing fuzzy rules associated with William Combs and the union rule configuration.
Commissive speech act - A commissive speech act is an utterance that commits its speaker to a future course of action.
Commit (data management) - In data management, a commit is the successful completion of a transaction that makes its changes part of the database's accepted state under the system's...
Commitment ordering - Commitment ordering is a concurrency-control property that aligns transaction commit order with the order imposed by conflicting operations.
Committee machine - A committee machine combines the outputs of several predictive models into one overall response.
Common cause - A common cause is a source of variation that forms part of the usual operation of a process.
Common data model - A common data model is an agreed way to describe shared entities, attributes, relationships and meanings across systems.
Common ground - Common ground is the information that participants in a conversation treat as shared, including relevant knowledge, beliefs and assumptions.
Common noun - A common noun is a noun used to name a class or kind of person, place, object, substance or idea, rather than functioning as a proper name.
Common random numbers - Common random numbers is a simulation technique that deliberately shares random inputs between alternatives being compared.
Common source bias - Common source bias is distortion in a measured relationship that arises because the variables are obtained from the same information source.
Commonality analysis - Commonality analysis decomposes the variance accounted for by a regression model into components associated uniquely with individual predictors and...
Commonsense reasoning - Commonsense reasoning uses everyday knowledge about the world to draw conclusions that are not explicitly stated.
Communicability - Communicability is a network measure describing the connection between two nodes using walks of many lengths, rather than only their shortest path.
Communicability Betweenness - Communicability betweenness is a node-centrality measure based on how much that node contributes to the weighted walks connecting other nodes.
Communication-avoiding algorithm - A communication-avoiding algorithm reorganizes computation to reduce costly data movement or communication events.