Controlled vocabulary - A controlled vocabulary is a managed set of terms used consistently to describe, index or organize information.
Controller - A controller is the person or external agent authorized to influence a system through its available control mechanisms.
Controlling for a variable - Controlling for a variable means accounting for it when making a statistical comparison or estimating a relationship.
Convenience sample - A convenience sample is a sample selected because its members are easy to reach or readily available, rather than through a probability sampling design with...
Convenience sampling - Convenience sampling selects data or participants mainly because they are easy to obtain.
Convergence - Convergence is the point in training when a model stops improving meaningfully, when further rounds of adjustment change so little that continuing adds...
Conversation analysis - Conversation analysis is the systematic study of how people organize social interaction through successive contributions.
Conversational coding - Conversational coding is an iterative way of creating or changing software through dialogue with an AI system.
Conversational speech - Conversational speech is speech produced as people interact, typically with contributions shaped by what others say and do.
Conversational user interface - Definition: A conversational user interface lets people interact with software through exchanges resembling conversation, using written language, speech or...
Convex clustering - Convex clustering is a clustering method that poses the grouping task as a single smooth optimization problem with one best answer, avoiding the...
Convex function - A convex function is a function on a convex domain whose value at any weighted average of two inputs is no greater than the corresponding weighted average...
Convex hull - The convex hull of a set of points is the smallest convex set containing them.
Convex optimization - Convex optimization is the minimization of a convex objective over a convex feasible set. Its defining advantage is that every local optimum is also global.
Convex optimization problem - A convex optimization problem is a mathematical specification that asks for the minimum of a convex objective over a convex set of allowed decisions.
Convex set - A convex set contains the entire straight line segment joining any two of its points.
Convolution - Convolution combines two functions or sequences by summing or integrating products at relative shifts.
Convolution kernel - A convolution kernel is the set of coefficients used to weight input values in a convolution operation.
Convolutional deep belief network - A convolutional deep belief network, or CDBN, is a hierarchical probabilistic model that combines deep belief network ideas with convolutional weight sharing.
Convolutional filter - A convolutional filter is a set of weights applied repeatedly across an input to produce responses to local patterns.
Convolutional layer - A convolutional layer is a neural-network component that applies learned filters across local regions of an input.
Convolutional neural network - A convolutional neural network, or CNN, is a neural network that uses convolutional layers to learn patterns through local connections and shared filters.
Convolutional operation - A convolutional operation applies shared filter weights across an input to produce an organized set of local responses.
Cook's D - Cook's D, also called Cook's distance, measures how strongly one observation influences a fitted regression model.
Cooperative coevolution - Cooperative coevolution is an evolutionary optimization approach in which different populations evolve parts of a solution and are evaluated through their...
Cooperative inverse reinforcement learning - Cooperative inverse reinforcement learning (CIRL) is a framework in which a human and an artificial agent share an objective, but the agent is uncertain...
Cooperative storage cloud - A cooperative storage cloud is a networked storage arrangement in which participants contribute storage resources and can use resources contributed by others.
Coordination ambiguity - Coordination ambiguity arises when an expression containing a conjunction, such as and or or, allows more than one structural grouping.
Copula - A copula is a linking element that connects a subject with a predicate expressing a property, classification, identity or related state.
Coreference chain - A coreference chain is a set of expressions in a discourse that refer to the same entity. It can connect a name, a description and a pronoun across sentences.
Coreference resolution - Coreference resolution is the task of determining which expressions in a discourse refer to the same entity.
Coreset - A coreset is a compact representation of a dataset designed to preserve specified properties relevant to a particular task.
Coring - Coring is a signal or image denoising approach that suppresses small-amplitude values in selected high-frequency or bandpass components while retaining...
Corner detection - Corner detection identifies image locations whose local appearance changes substantially when a small neighborhood is shifted in different directions.
Coronal sound - A coronal sound is a speech sound articulated using the tongue tip or blade as the principal active articulator for its constriction.
Corpus - A corpus is a collection of language material assembled for analysis, research or computational use.
Correct sampling - Correct sampling is a technical principle in Pierre Gy's theory of sampling for particulate materials: every constituent particle of the lot should have an...
Correlated sampling - Correlated sampling, in simulation-based comparison, deliberately links the randomness used to evaluate alternatives.
Correlated topic model - A correlated topic model, or CTM, is a probabilistic topic model that uses a logistic-normal distribution for a document's topic proportions.
Correlation - Correlation describes a statistical association between variables, often summarized by a coefficient indicating its direction and strength.
Correlation clustering - Correlation clustering groups items using pairwise judgments of similarity and difference, seeking a partition that agrees with those judgments as much as...
Correlation coefficient - A correlation coefficient is a numerical summary of the direction and strength of a specified association between variables.
Correlation does not imply causation - Correlation does not imply causation means that an observed statistical association, by itself, does not establish that changing one variable would change...
Correlation function - A correlation function describes how a statistical relationship varies across pairs of times, locations, or other index values.
Correlation matrix - A correlation matrix is a square table containing the pairwise correlation coefficients among a set of variables.
Correlational measures - Correlational measures are statistics that summarize the degree and, where defined, direction of association between variables.
Correspondence analysis - Correspondence analysis is an exploratory method for studying relationships in a table of nonnegative counts, especially a contingency table.