Binary independence model - The Binary Independence Model is a probabilistic information-retrieval model that ranks documents using binary indicators of term presence and a conditional...
Binary Ordered Compression for Unicode - Binary Ordered Compression for Unicode (BOCU) is a Unicode text-compression approach designed to preserve code-point ordering in the encoded byte...
Binary regression - Binary regression models the relationship between explanatory variables and an outcome with two possible values, commonly encoded as zero and one.
Binary resolution - Binary resolution is a logical inference rule that combines two clauses by eliminating one complementary pair of literals and retaining the remaining...
Binary search - Binary search finds a target or a boundary in an ordered search space by repeatedly examining a middle position and discarding the half that cannot contain...
Binary variable - A binary variable has two possible substantive values, often represented as 0 and 1 or as two category labels.
Binding list - A binding list is a collection of associations between logical variables and the terms or values that replace them.
Binocular disparity - Binocular disparity is the difference between the positions of corresponding scene features in two views taken from separated viewpoints.
Binocular stereopsis - Binocular stereopsis is the perception of depth from differences between the images received by the two eyes.
Binomial distribution - The binomial distribution describes the number of successes in a fixed number of independent trials when each trial has two possible outcomes and the same...
Binomial regression - Binomial regression models how explanatory variables relate to the probability of a two-outcome event, using a binomial distribution for the observed number...
Binomial test - A binomial test assesses a specified probability of success using a count of successes in a fixed number of independent binary trials with a common success...
BIO tagging - BIO tagging represents labeled text spans through a tag attached to each token.
BIOES - BIOES is a token-labeling scheme that represents the boundaries and types of contiguous text spans.
Biometric data - Biometric data are measurements or representations of a person's biological or behavioral characteristics used in automated recognition.
Biometric tokenization - Biometric tokenization is a term used for authentication arrangements that combine biometric verification with a substitute digital credential or...
Bipartite - A bipartite graph is a graph whose vertices can be divided into two disjoint sets so that every edge joins a vertex in one set to a vertex in the other.
Birchfield - Tomasi dissimilarity - Birchfield - Tomasi dissimilarity is a local image-matching cost designed to reduce sensitivity to how a continuous image signal is sampled onto pixel grids.
Birnbaum's theorem - Birnbaum's theorem is a foundational statistical result linking the sufficiency principle, the conditionality principle and the likelihood principle.
Bisecting K-Means - Bisecting K-Means is a divisive clustering method that repeatedly splits one existing cluster into two using K-Means until the requested number of clusters...
Biserial correlation - Biserial correlation estimates the association between a continuous variable and an underlying continuous variable that has been observed only as two...
Bispectrum - The bispectrum is a third-order frequency-domain description of a signal or random process.
Bit-level parallelism - Bit-level parallelism is the ability to process multiple bits of information together within a machine operation.
Bit rate - Bit rate is the number of binary digits, or bits, transferred or represented per unit of time, normally measured in bits per second.
Bitemporal modeling - Bitemporal modeling represents two time dimensions for a fact: when it is effective in the modeled world and when it is recorded as known by the system.
Bitext word alignment - Definition: Bitext word alignment identifies corresponding words or tokens in two texts that express substantially the same content in different languages.
Bitmap index - A bitmap index is a database index that represents membership of rows in indexed values using sequences of bits.
Bitstream format - A bitstream format is the set of rules that defines how information is arranged and interpreted in a sequence of bits.
Bivariate analysis - Bivariate analysis examines two variables together to describe or investigate their relationship.
Bivariate normal model - A bivariate normal model describes two random variables jointly using a two-dimensional normal distribution.
Biword index - A biword index is a search index whose entries represent pairs of consecutive terms.
BL (logic) - BL, or Basic Fuzzy Logic, is Petr Hájek's formal logical system capturing principles shared by continuous t-norm-based fuzzy logics.
Black box model - A black box model is a model whose internal process for producing outputs is difficult for people to understand.
Black-box variational inference - Black-box variational inference is an approach to approximate Bayesian inference that estimates optimization gradients through sampling, reducing the need...
Blank node - A blank node is an RDF node used to describe something without giving it an explicit global name.
BLEU (Bilingual Evaluation Understudy) - BLEU, short for Bilingual Evaluation Understudy, is an automatic metric originally designed to compare machine translations with human reference translations.
Blind deconvolution - Blind deconvolution is the estimation of a sharper underlying signal or image when the blurring process is also unknown or only partly known.
Blind inverse problem - A blind inverse problem seeks to recover an underlying signal or object when the process that produced the measurements is also partly or wholly unknown.
Blinded experiment - A blinded experiment withholds specified information about experimental conditions from people whose knowledge could influence behavior, measurement or...
Block design - A block design is an arrangement of elements into subsets, called blocks, with specified incidence properties.
Block matching - Block matching is an image-processing method that compares a small rectangular patch with candidate patches to find similar content.
Block-matching and 3-D filtering (BM3D) - Block-matching and 3-D filtering, usually called BM3D, is an image-denoising method that groups similar two-dimensional patches into three-dimensional...
Block sampling - Block sampling, in probabilistic inference, updates a group of random variables together rather than changing only one variable at a time.
Blocked Gibbs sampling - Blocked Gibbs sampling is a Markov chain Monte Carlo method that updates a group of variables together from their joint conditional distribution, given the...
Blocked sort-based indexing - Blocked sort-based indexing (BSBI) is a method for constructing an inverted search index when all intermediate term-document data cannot comfortably fit in...
Blocking - Blocking is an experimental-design technique that groups comparable experimental units before treatments are assigned.
BM25 - BM25 is a ranking method for text retrieval that scores documents using query-term matches, term rarity, term frequency and document length.
Boid - A boid is a simulated bird-like agent in Craig Reynolds's flocking model.