Monotone likelihood ratio - A monotone likelihood ratio is a property of a statistical family in which the likelihood ratio comparing a larger parameter value with a smaller one...
Monotonic relationship - A monotonic relationship moves in one direction over a specified range: as one variable increases, the related function or trend does not reverse direction.
Motion model - A motion model describes how the state of a moving object or robot changes over time, often in response to control inputs.
Moving average crossover - A moving average crossover occurs when one moving average moves from one side of another moving average to the other.
MS between groups (MS group ) - MS between groups, also written MS group or between-groups mean square, is the between-groups sum of squares divided by its degrees of freedom in an...
MS within (MS error ) - MS within, also called MS error or the within-groups mean square in a basic one-way ANOVA, is the within-groups sum of squared deviations divided by its...
Multi-class logistic regression - Multi-class logistic regression is a classification method that estimates probabilities for more than two mutually exclusive outcome categories.
Multinomial distribution - The multinomial distribution describes the counts of outcomes in a fixed number of independent trials when each trial falls into exactly one of several...
Multinomial Naive Bayes - Multinomial Naive Bayes is a probabilistic classification method commonly used with nonnegative feature counts, especially word counts in text.
Multinomial probit - Multinomial probit is a statistical model for an outcome that takes one of several unordered categories, often interpreted as a choice among alternatives.
Multinomial test - A multinomial test evaluates whether observed category counts are compatible with a specified vector of category probabilities under a multinomial sampling...
Multioutput regression - Multioutput regression predicts two or more numerical target variables for each input example.
Multiple baseline design - A multiple baseline design is a single-case experimental design in which an intervention is introduced at different times across participants, behaviors or...
Multiple comparison techniques - Multiple comparison techniques are statistical procedures that account for making a family of comparisons rather than interpreting each comparison as if it...
Multiple comparisons - Multiple comparisons arise when an analysis examines several hypotheses, contrasts or statistical relationships and draws conclusions from the collection.
Multiple correlation coefficient - The multiple correlation coefficient, conventionally written R, measures how strongly an outcome is linearly associated with its best linear prediction from...
Multiple regression - Multiple regression models the relationship between one outcome and two or more predictors.
Multiple treatments - Multiple treatments refers to a study or causal-inference problem involving several intervention alternatives rather than a single treated-versus-untreated...
Multiplicative law of probability - The multiplicative law of probability, usually called the multiplication rule, expresses the probability that events occur together using a marginal...
Multiplicative model - A multiplicative model combines its components by multiplication rather than addition.
Multistate model - A multistate model describes how a unit moves among a defined set of states over time.
Multivalued treatment - A multivalued treatment is a treatment variable with more than two possible values, such as no participation, low-intensity participation and high-intensity...
Multivariable model - A multivariable model uses several predictor variables to describe or predict an outcome.
Multivariate analysis of variance - Multivariate analysis of variance, usually abbreviated MANOVA, compares groups on several numerical outcomes considered jointly.
Multivariate kernel density estimation - Multivariate kernel density estimation estimates a joint probability density for several continuous variables by averaging small density functions centered...
Multivariate Laplace distribution - A multivariate Laplace distribution extends Laplace-type probability modeling to several variables.
Multivariate model - A multivariate model simultaneously describes or predicts more than one response variable.
Multivariate normal distribution - The multivariate normal distribution is a probability distribution for a vector whose every linear combination is normally distributed, allowing constant...
Multivariate outliers - Multivariate outliers are observations whose combinations of values are unusual relative to the joint pattern in several variables.
Multivariate procedures - Multivariate procedures are statistical methods that analyze two or more response variables simultaneously.
Multivariate random variable - A multivariate random variable, also called a random vector, is an ordered collection of random variables defined on the same probability space.
Multivariate regression - Multivariate regression models several response variables using one or more predictors.
Multivariate statistics - Multivariate statistics studies data in which several variables are recorded together for each observational unit.
n-gram model - An n-gram model estimates the probability of the next token using only the preceding n-1 tokens.
N-of-1 trial - An N-of-1 trial compares interventions within one individual across repeated periods.
Naive Bayes classifier - A naive Bayes classifier predicts a class by combining its prior probability with feature evidence under a simplifying assumption: features are mutually...
Natarajan dimension - Natarajan dimension measures the capacity of a multiclass hypothesis class.
Nearest Neighbors Regression - Nearest neighbors regression predicts a numerical outcome by combining outcomes from similar training observations.
Negative relationship - A negative relationship is an association in which larger values of one variable tend to accompany smaller values of another.
Negatively skewed - A negatively skewed distribution is asymmetric with a tail extending farther toward lower values than toward higher values. It is also called left-skewed.
Nelson - Aalen estimator - The Nelson - Aalen estimator estimates a cumulative hazard function from time-to-event data.
Nemenyi test - The Nemenyi test is a rank-based multiple-comparison procedure.
Nested case - control study - A nested case - control study selects cases and controls from a defined cohort.
Nested hypothesis - Nested hypotheses form an ordered sequence in which every hypothesis permits only possibilities also permitted by each later hypothesis.
Nested sampling algorithm - Nested sampling is a numerical method for estimating Bayesian evidence and obtaining weighted posterior samples.
Net reclassification improvement - Net reclassification improvement, or NRI, compares how two risk-prediction models move observations upward or downward in predicted risk.
Network sampling - Network sampling is a survey approach in which a target item can be reported through several linked sampling units.
Networked model - A networked model assigns a local hypothesis space to each node of a network used for federated learning.