Chatbot - A chatbot is a software application that interacts with people through conversational exchanges, usually text or speech.
Cognitive Bias - A cognitive bias is a systematic pattern in judgment or decision-making that can lead people away from an appropriate evaluation of evidence.
Column - A column is a named vertical part of a table that holds values for a particular attribute or field across its rows.
Confirmation bias - Confirmation bias is a tendency to seek, interpret, favor or remember information in ways that support an existing belief or hypothesis.
Consent - Consent is a person's agreement to a specified activity or use of information, given under conditions that make the agreement meaningful.
Construct validity - Construct validity concerns whether evidence supports interpreting a measurement as representing the concept it is intended to measure.
Consumer Bias - Consumer bias, in the platform-bias terminology used here, occurs when people express prejudices through interactions enabled by a digital platform.
Content Production Bias - Content production bias describes systematic differences in the language, meaning or structure of material people produce in different settings or groups.
Content validity - Content validity is the extent to which the elements of an assessment appropriately represent the subject or concept it is intended to measure.
Context-of-use - Context of use is the combination of people, their goals and tasks, available resources, and the environment in which a system is used.
Controllability - Controllability is an AI system's capacity to accept effective intervention from an authorized human or external agent.
Controller - A controller is the person or external agent authorized to influence a system through its available control mechanisms.
Countermeasure - A countermeasure is an action, mechanism or procedure intended to reduce a threat, vulnerability or harmful consequence.
Coverage bias - Coverage bias occurs when the population represented in a dataset does not adequately match the population about which conclusions or predictions are intended.
Criterion validity - Criterion validity concerns how well a measurement relates to an appropriate external reference or outcome.
Crowdsource - To crowdsource is to invite contributions from a distributed group of people to complete a task, supply information or solve a problem.
Cybersecurity - Cybersecurity is the management of risks to digital systems, services and information from unauthorized access, disruption, misuse or other harmful activity.
Dark pattern - A dark pattern is a design practice that misleads, pressures or obstructs people in ways that undermine informed choice.
Data control - Data control is the practical ability to set and enforce conditions on how data is collected, accessed, changed, used, shared and retained.
Data dredging - Data dredging is searching through many analyses or patterns and presenting selected favorable findings without adequately accounting for the search.
Data fusion - Data fusion combines information from multiple sources to form a joint estimate, representation, or assessment.
Data Generation Bias - Data generation bias is a distortion introduced when synthetic or redundant examples are added to a dataset in ways that misrepresent the intended...
Data point - A data point is one unit of information considered in an analysis or machine-learning task.
Data poisoning - Data poisoning is deliberate interference with data used by an AI system in order to cause unwanted behavior.
Data privacy - Data privacy concerns how information about people is collected, used, shared, retained, and otherwise processed, and how those activities affect the people...
Data proxy - A data proxy is observed information used to stand in for another quantity or characteristic that is difficult, unavailable, or impossible to measure directly.
Data quality claim - A data quality claim states how well data meets a specified quality requirement.
Data quality measure - A data quality measure is a variable used to express a measured aspect of data quality.
Data quality model - A data quality model organizes the characteristics used to define and evaluate data quality.
Data quality plan - A data quality plan specifies how an organization or project will achieve its data quality objectives.
Data quality planning - Data quality planning is the activity of setting data quality objectives and deciding which processes and resources are needed to achieve them.
Data record - A data record is a collection of related data items handled as one unit.
Data security - Data security is the protection of data against unauthorized access, disclosure, alteration, destruction, and loss of availability.
Debiasing - Debiasing is the process of identifying and reducing a specified unwanted bias in data, representations, models, or their use.
Decision support system - A decision support system, or DSS, is a computer-based system that helps people make decisions by organizing relevant information, analyzing alternatives...
Deepfake - A deepfake is synthetic or manipulated media created with deep-learning techniques that can make a person or event appear to be something it is not.
Denial-of-service - Denial-of-service, commonly abbreviated DoS, is the prevention of authorized access to a resource or a delay that makes required operations unavailable when...
Dependability - Dependability is the ability of a system to provide a service that people have sound reasons to rely on.
Deployment Bias - Deployment bias arises when the way an AI system is actually used differs from the role or context for which it was designed and evaluated, creating...
Detection Bias - Detection bias is a systematic distortion caused by differences in how outcomes are noticed, measured, or classified across groups.
Deterministic algorithm - A deterministic algorithm follows rules that produce the same result whenever it starts with the same complete inputs and state.
Differential privacy - Differential privacy is a mathematical framework for limiting how much the output of an analysis can reveal about the contribution of a particular protected...
Differential validity - Differential validity concerns whether the relationship between a score or predictor and an intended outcome differs across groups.
Disparate impact - Disparate impact refers to a practice producing disproportionately unfavorable outcomes for a group, even when the practice appears neutral on its face.
Domain - A domain is the area, setting, or set of inputs to which a model, task, or body of knowledge applies. The precise meaning depends on context.
Domain shift - Domain shift is a change in the data conditions between the setting where an AI model was developed or evaluated and another setting where it is used.
Dunning-Kruger Effect Bias - The Dunning - Kruger effect describes a pattern in which people performing poorly on a particular task overestimate their performance or standing relative...