Directional-change intrinsic time - Directional-change intrinsic time is an event-based way to represent a time series in which the clock advances when an observed value reverses from a...
Directional component analysis - Directional component analysis, or DCA, is a statistical method for deriving patterns of variability that reflect a chosen linear impact measure as well as...
Discrete Uniform Distribution - A discrete uniform distribution assigns equal probability to each value in a specified finite set of possible outcomes.
Discrete variable - A discrete variable takes values from a finite or countably infinite set of distinct possibilities.
DOACROSS parallelism - DOACROSS parallelism executes work from different loop iterations concurrently while preserving required dependencies between those iterations.
DOE mean plot - A DOE mean plot shows the average response at each level of factors in a designed experiment. DOE stands for design of experiments.
Domain driven data mining - Domain driven data mining is an approach to discovering useful patterns that incorporates the knowledge, objectives, constraints, and working practices of...
Double mass analysis - Double mass analysis compares the cumulative totals of two related data series to examine whether their relationship remains consistent over time.
Dummy variable - A dummy variable is a numerical indicator, usually coded 1 when a specified condition or category applies and 0 otherwise.
Elastic map - An elastic map is a method for approximating a dataset with a low-dimensional structure embedded in the original data space.
Experimental Studies - Experimental studies investigate the effects of deliberately applied treatments or conditions on measured outcomes.
Facet theory - Facet theory is an approach to research design and theory development that organizes a subject into explicitly defined facets and examines how those...
Factor analysis - Factor analysis is a family of statistical methods that models relationships among observed variables using a smaller set of unobserved factors and...
False negative - A false negative occurs when a classifier predicts the negative class for a case whose reference label is positive. It is a missed positive case.
False positive - A false positive occurs when a classifier predicts the positive class for a case whose reference label is negative.
Flatten (An Array) - To flatten an array is to rearrange its elements into a one-dimensional representation according to a defined traversal order.
Gated recurrent unit - A gated recurrent unit, usually shortened to GRU, is a neural-network component for processing ordered sequences.
Geospatial analytics - Geospatial analytics is the analysis of data that have a geographic location or spatial relationship.
Goodness-of-fit - Goodness of fit describes how well a statistical model agrees with the data being examined.
Greedy algorithms - Greedy algorithms build a solution by repeatedly choosing the option that looks best according to a specified local rule.
Harking - HARKing means hypothesizing after the results are known and presenting the resulting hypothesis as though it had been proposed before examining those results.
Heatmap - A heatmap is a visualization that represents numerical values using color.
Histogram - A histogram displays the distribution of numerical observations by dividing their range into intervals, called bins, and drawing a bar for each interval.
Immutable Data Types - Immutable data types are types whose objects do not support changes to their own value after creation.
Independent Events - Independent events are events for which the probability of their joint occurrence equals the product of their individual probabilities: P(A and B) = P(A)...
Independent variable - An independent variable is a variable used as an input or explanatory factor when studying or predicting an outcome.
Interleaving distance - Interleaving distance measures how closely two persistence modules can be related after allowing a shift in their scale parameters.
Intersection Of Events - The intersection of events is the event containing all outcomes that belong to each of the specified events.
Item tree analysis - Item tree analysis, or ITA, is an exploratory method for investigating hierarchical relationships among questionnaire or test items from response patterns.
k-nearest neighbors - K-nearest neighbors, often written k-NN, is a method that uses the k closest reference examples to make a prediction or retrieve similar cases.
K-optimal pattern discovery - K-optimal pattern discovery is an exploratory data-mining approach that seeks the k best patterns according to a specified measure and set of constraints.
L1-norm principal component analysis - L1-norm principal component analysis refers to PCA-related methods that use absolute-value criteria instead of the squared-value criteria associated with...
Labeled data - Labeled data are examples paired with target information for a defined learning or evaluation task.
Latent variable - A latent variable is a variable included in a model but not directly observed in the available data.
Lift - Lift is a ratio that compares an observed or model-selected outcome with a stated baseline.
Line chart - A line chart displays values as points connected in an ordered sequence, commonly to show change over time.
List - A list is an ordered collection of elements. In programming, the exact operations and implementation depend on the language.
Local outlier factor - Local outlier factor, or LOF, is a method that scores how unusual an observation is relative to the density around its neighbors.
Logarithm - A logarithm gives the exponent needed to raise a specified base to a positive number. If b raised to y equals x, then log base b of x equals y.
Long Short-Term Memory - Long Short-Term Memory, usually abbreviated LSTM, is a type of recurrent neural network designed to learn relationships across sequences.
Loops - Loops are programming structures that repeat a block of instructions. A loop may visit each item in a collection or continue while a condition remains true.
Market basket analysis - Market basket analysis examines transaction data to identify items or item groups that occur together.
Mobile business intelligence - Mobile business intelligence is the delivery and use of business data, reports, and analytical insights through mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets.
Model-based clustering - Model-based clustering groups observations by fitting an explicit statistical model for how the data could have been generated.
Monte Carlo simulation - Monte Carlo simulation uses repeated random sampling to explore the behavior of a model or estimate a quantity that is difficult to calculate directly.
Multifactor dimensionality reduction - Multifactor dimensionality reduction, or MDR, is a method for examining combinations of variables associated with a categorical outcome.
Multiplication Rule - The multiplication rule of probability calculates the chance that events occur together.