Marching cubes - Marching cubes is a method for extracting a triangle mesh representing an isosurface from a three-dimensional scalar grid.
Markerless motion capture - Markerless motion capture estimates how a subject moves without requiring attached tracking markers.
Matched filter - A matched filter is a linear filter designed around a known signal pattern so that the pattern produces a strong response when present in noisy data.
Matting Laplacian - The matting Laplacian is an image-dependent sparse matrix used in closed-form image matting.
Max pooling - Max pooling replaces a neighborhood of values with its largest value.
Maze / labyrinth artifacts - Maze or labyrinth artifacts are spurious, maze-like patterns that can appear in reconstructed digital images, particularly after demosaicking raw sensor data.
Mean field approximation - Mean field approximation simplifies a system of interacting variables by representing their combined behavior through separate factors and average effects.
Medial axis transform - The medial axis transform represents a shape through its central skeletal structure together with distances to its boundary.
Median filter - A median filter replaces each value with the median of values in a nearby window.
Median-threshold bitmap (MTB) - A median-threshold bitmap (MTB) is a binary image that marks whether each pixel is brighter than the image's median intensity.
Membrane - In Poisson image editing, a membrane is a smooth correction surface that carries the difference between source and destination boundary values into the...
Merit function - A merit function is a numerical objective used to score candidate solutions during optimization.
Mesh subdivision - Mesh subdivision divides a polygon mesh into smaller faces.
Mesh / triangulation warp - A mesh or triangulation warp deforms an image using a network of control points connected into triangles.
Metamerism - Metamerism is the property whereby different spectral distributions produce the same tristimulus color values in a specified colorimetric system.
Michelson contrast - Michelson contrast measures the difference between a pattern's maximum and minimum luminances relative to their sum: C = (Lmax − Lmin)/(Lmax + Lmin).
Minimum bounding rectangle - A minimum bounding rectangle is a smallest enclosing rectangle under a stated orientation constraint and size criterion.
Minimum spanning tree - A minimum spanning tree, or MST, connects every vertex of a connected, weighted, undirected graph using a subset of its edges, without cycles, while...
Mipmap - A mipmap is a precomputed sequence of progressively smaller, filtered versions of a texture image.
Mirrorless - Mirrorless describes a camera design that omits the reflex mirror used by an SLR to direct light from the taking lens into an optical viewfinder.
Mitchell - Netravali - Mitchell - Netravali refers to a parameterized family of cubic reconstruction filters used to estimate image values between samples.
Mixing gradients - Mixing gradients is a Poisson image-editing technique that combines source and destination image structure by selecting stronger local variations from...
Moiré - Moiré is a larger-scale pattern that appears when fine repeating patterns interact, including when scene detail is sampled by a camera or display grid.
Monocular depth - Monocular depth is an estimate of scene distance obtained from a single camera view.
Monotone spline - A monotone spline is a piecewise polynomial curve constructed to preserve a specified nondecreasing or nonincreasing relationship.
Morphological gradient - A morphological gradient is an image operation that highlights local intensity transitions by subtracting an eroded image from a dilated image.
Morphological image processing - Morphological image processing is a family of operations that analyzes or changes image structures using a small reference shape called a structuring element.
Motion analysis - Motion analysis is the study of movement over time using observations such as video frames, tracked points, or sensor measurements.
Motion capture - Motion capture is the recording of a person's or object's movement as digital motion data.
Motion coding - Motion coding is the representation of motion-related information in a compressed video stream so that a decoder can predict image content from reference...
Motion estimation - Motion estimation is the process of estimating how image content changes position between frames or views.
Motion field - A motion field is a spatial collection of motion vectors.
Motion-JPEG - Motion-JPEG, often written MJPEG or M-JPEG, represents video as a sequence of separately JPEG-compressed images.
Motion vector - A motion vector is a numerical description of movement between positions, usually expressed as horizontal and vertical displacement in an image.
Moving object detection - Moving object detection is the identification of image regions or objects that are moving over time.
MS-SSIM - MS-SSIM, or multiscale structural similarity, is a full-reference image-quality measure that compares a test image with a reference at several spatial scales.
Multi-spectral image - A multi-spectral image records a scene in several wavelength bands of electromagnetic radiation.
Multiband blending - Multiband blending combines overlapping images by blending their information separately at different spatial frequency bands.
Multimodal instruction-tuned - Multimodal instruction-tuned describes a model trained to respond to instructions while processing inputs beyond text, such as images, audio, or video.
Multimodal model - A multimodal model is a machine-learning model whose inputs, outputs, or both involve more than one type of information, such as text, images, audio, or video.
Multiplicative noise - Multiplicative noise is random variation that scales a signal rather than simply adding a fixed-size disturbance to it.
N-jet - An N-jet is the collection of a function's derivatives at a point up to a specified order N.
Naka - Rushton curve - The Naka - Rushton curve is a saturating response function used to describe how a response grows with stimulus intensity and approaches a maximum.
NAND operator - The NAND operator means NOT AND. For two Boolean inputs A and B, it returns false only when both inputs are true; otherwise it returns true.
Natural image statistics - Natural image statistics are measurable regularities in images of real-world scenes.
Natural neighbor interpolation - Natural neighbor interpolation estimates values between scattered sample locations using weights derived from their spatial arrangement.
Nearest-neighbor field (NNF) - A nearest-neighbor field, or NNF, maps each location in one image to a location whose patch is most similar in another image or search region, according to...