Shape from defocus - Shape from defocus estimates scene depth or surface shape from the way optical defocus changes image appearance.
Shape from focus - Shape from focus estimates depth or surface shape by analyzing local sharpness across images captured at different focus settings or relative camera -...
Shape from shading - Shape from shading estimates surface orientation or shape from brightness variations interpreted through a model of illumination and surface reflectance.
Shape grammar - A shape grammar is a formal system of spatial rules that generates or describes designs by matching and transforming shapes.
Sharpening - Image sharpening is processing that increases the apparent definition of edges or fine detail, often by strengthening selected local intensity differences.
Shi - Tomasi (good features to track) - The Shi - Tomasi feature-selection criterion scores a local image patch using the smaller eigenvalue of its gradient second-moment matrix.
Shift-invariant - In signal and image processing, a shift-invariant system responds to a translated input by producing the same translation of its original output.
Shift-Map editing - Shift-Map editing is an image-editing framework that assigns each output pixel a displacement identifying its source location in an input image.
Shift theorem - The Fourier shift theorem describes how translating a signal changes its Fourier transform.
Sinc - The normalized sinc function is sinc(x)=sin(πx)/(πx) for x≠0, with sinc(0)=1 defined by the limit.
Smart data capture - Smart data capture is an umbrella term for using automated sensing and interpretation to turn information from the physical world into usable digital data.
Smoothness term - A smoothness term is part of an optimization objective that penalizes specified kinds of variation in an estimated image, field, or set of labels.
Sobel edge detector - A Sobel edge detector uses small filters to estimate how image intensity changes horizontally and vertically.
Spatial frequency - Spatial frequency describes how rapidly a pattern varies across space, often measured as cycles per unit distance or per degree of visual angle.
Spatial pooling - Spatial pooling aggregates feature values over image locations, often replacing each local region with a maximum or average.
Spatial relation - A spatial relation describes how the positions or extents of two or more things relate in space.
Spatial statistics - Spatial statistics studies data whose locations, distances, neighborhoods, or connectivity matter to the analysis.
Spatial verification - Spatial verification checks whether proposed visual matches are consistent with a plausible geometric arrangement.
Specular-highlight removal - Specular-highlight removal estimates and suppresses the bright reflection component in an image of a surface, usually to produce an approximation of its...
Splat, blur, slice - Splat, blur, slice is a three-stage pattern for efficient filtering in a space of features.
Statistical shape analysis - Statistical shape analysis studies variation in the geometry of objects using statistical methods.
Steerable filter - A steerable filter is an oriented filter whose response at arbitrary angles can be synthesized from a fixed set of basis-filter responses.
Steerable pyramid - A steerable pyramid is a multiscale image representation that separates information into orientation-selective frequency bands, together with residual low-...
Steering kernel - A steering kernel is a local weighting function whose shape, orientation, and scale adapt to estimated image structure.
Stereo cameras - Stereo cameras are a pair of cameras, or an integrated two-camera system, that capture a scene from separated viewpoints.
Stixel - A stixel is a compact, vertically organized element used to represent parts of a scene in a structured visual-perception model.
Stroke-based rendering - Stroke-based rendering is a way of creating an image by placing and drawing discrete elements, such as brush marks, ink lines, or dots.
Structural similarity (SSIM) - Structural similarity, usually abbreviated SSIM, is an image comparison measure that evaluates local patterns using brightness, contrast, and structural...
Structure from motion - Structure from motion, or SfM, estimates three-dimensional scene structure and camera viewpoints from overlapping images.
Structure learning - Structure learning is the process of learning the relationships or connections in a model from data.
Structure tensor - A structure tensor is a small matrix that summarizes the strength and direction of image intensity changes within a local neighborhood.
Structured SVM - A structured support vector machine, or structured SVM, is a supervised learning method for predicting an output with several related parts.
Structuring element - A structuring element is a small shape used to define the neighborhood examined by a morphological image operation.
Sub-pixel alignment - Sub-pixel alignment is the process of registering images or image features using position estimates finer than a whole pixel.
Subgraph isomorphism - Subgraph isomorphism asks whether a smaller pattern graph can be matched to part of a larger graph while preserving the required connections.
Submodularity - Submodularity is a mathematical property of a set function that expresses diminishing marginal returns.
Subword Segmentation - Subword segmentation divides text into reusable pieces that may be smaller than complete words.
Super-resolution - Super-resolution is the task of estimating a higher-resolution image from one or more lower-resolution observations.
Superpixels - Superpixels are small image regions formed by grouping nearby pixels with similar properties, often color or brightness.
Superquadrics - Superquadrics are a family of parameterized three-dimensional shapes that generalize familiar forms such as ellipsoids.
SUSAN corner finder - The SUSAN corner finder is a classical image feature detector that identifies candidate corners by examining how much of a local neighborhood has brightness...
Synthetic aperture - A synthetic aperture is an effective imaging aperture created by combining measurements taken from different positions.
Teknomo - Fernandez algorithm - The Teknomo - Fernandez algorithm is a video-background estimation method that combines sampled frames using bitwise majority operations in a...
Template matching - Template matching searches for image regions that resemble a supplied example patch, called a template.
Temporal aliasing - Temporal aliasing occurs when changes over time are sampled in a way that makes different underlying motions or fluctuations appear indistinguishable.
Temporal redundancy - Temporal redundancy is repeated or predictable information across observations taken at different times.
Texture - Texture is the visual pattern formed by variations in an image region, such as the grain of wood, a fabric weave, or a speckled surface.